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Review
. 2022 Jun 28:16:909833.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909833. eCollection 2022.

Neuroprotective Potential of Aromatic Herbs: Rosemary, Sage, and Lavender

Arezoo Faridzadeh  1   2 , Yasaman Salimi  3 , Hamidreza Ghasemirad  4 , Meraj Kargar  5 , Ava Rashtchian  6 , Golnaz Mahmoudvand  7 , Mohammad Amin Karimi  8 , Nasibeh Zerangian  9 , Negar Jahani  10 , Anahita Masoudi  11 , Bahare Sadeghian Dastjerdi  12 , Marieh Salavatizadeh  13 , Hamidreza Sadeghsalehi  14 , Niloofar Deravi  6
Affiliations
Review

Neuroprotective Potential of Aromatic Herbs: Rosemary, Sage, and Lavender

Arezoo Faridzadeh et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer from neurological disorders or have experienced them intermittently, which has significantly reduced their quality of life. The common treatments for neurological disorders are relatively expensive and may lead to a wide variety of side effects including sleep attacks, gastrointestinal side effects, blood pressure changes, etc. On the other hand, several herbal medications have attracted colossal popularity worldwide in the recent years due to their availability, affordable prices, and few side effects. Aromatic plants, sage (Salvia officinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) have already shown anxiolytics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. They have also shown potential in treating common neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and cognitive disorders. This review summarizes the data on the neuroprotective potential of aromatic herbs, sage, lavender, and rosemary.

Keywords: lavender; neurodegenerative; neurological disorders; rosemary; sage.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Neuroprotective effects of sage, lavender, and rosemary in neurological disorders. Sage, lavender, and rosemary exert neuroprotective effects mainly through increasing neurotransmitters and antioxidants, activating ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway, and inhibition of β-amyloid, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; NR, neurotransmitters receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinase; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TrkB, BDNF/NT-3 receptor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Neuroprotective effects of sage, lavender, and rosemary in Multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastoma. In MS, herbal medicine can inhibit Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, T helper 17 (Th17) polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, and axonal demyelination. In glioblastoma, herbal medicine can induce transcription of p53 and NGF, resulting in memory improvement. Sage, lavender, and rosemary can also inhibit nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MDM2, which is an inhibitor of tumor suppressor p53.
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