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Review
. 2022 Jul 8:2022:3246249.
doi: 10.1155/2022/3246249. eCollection 2022.

Perceived Stigma and Its Association with Gender and Disclosure Status among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chalachew Kassaw  1 , Daniel Sisay  2 , Ephrem Awulachew  3 , Habtamu Endashaw Hareru  2
Affiliations
Review

Perceived Stigma and Its Association with Gender and Disclosure Status among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chalachew Kassaw et al. AIDS Res Treat. .

Abstract

Background: The psychological experience of being rejected, blamed, and ashamed in relation to a recognized medical disease is known as perceived stigma. It has a close connection to psychological health and therapy afterward. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any national systematic review and meta-analysis research on this topic. Therefore, we conducted this analysis to thoroughly evaluate the pooled prevalence of perceived stigma among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia who are receiving antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to gender differences and disclosure status.

Method: We investigated the eight databases for quantitative Ethiopian studies published in English from 2008 to 2021 that looked at the relationship between felt stigma, gender, and disclosure status. To meet the statistical requirements of a systematic review and meta-analysis analysis, the random effect model for pooled prevalence of perceived stigma, log odds ratio for associated variables, I-squared statistics for heterogeneity, and Egger's test for publication bias were implemented. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument's standard data extraction method was performed to collect the necessary data, and STATA-14 statistical software was used for analysis.

Result: A total of 8 cross-sectional Ethiopian studies with 3,857 participants were integrated into this systematic review and meta-analysis study. The pooled prevalence of perceived stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS and attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was OR = 50.36% (95% CI: (40.71, 60.00), I 2 = 97.3%, p=0.000 ). The pooled odds ratio of being male was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.68, I 2 = 86.7%, p=0.000) and disclosure status was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.09, 7.89, I 2 = 97.9%, p=0.000).

Conclusion: In this study, half of the participants encountered stigma. There was no statistically significant correlation between gender difference, disclosure status, and the perception of stigma. To address the mental and psychological issues of people living with HIV/AIDS, it is necessary to look into other factors that influence perceived stigma. It is recommended to screen for and treat perceived stigma with prompt examination and follow-up.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram showing the findings of the systematic search and the criteria for exclusion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pooled prevalence of perceived stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS and attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia, 2021.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Funnel plot graph on the pooled prevalence of perceived stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS and attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia, 2021.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The pooled odds ratio showed the association between perceived stigma and gender difference among people living with HIV/AIDS and attending ART in Ethiopia, 2021.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The pooled odds ratio showed the association between perceived stigma and disclosure status among people living with HIV/AIDS and attending ART in Ethiopia, 2021.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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