Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 Sep 6;152(9):2060-2071.
doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac099.

Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial

M Catherine Prater  1 , Alexis R Scheurell  1 , Chad M Paton  1   2 , Jamie A Cooper  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial

M Catherine Prater et al. J Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: Increasing unsaturated fat intake is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but the type of unsaturated fat to recommend remains equivocal.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of an 8-week diet intervention that was rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) or olive oil (OO; MUFA rich) on blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults.

Methods: Forty-three men and women with hypercholesterolemia (53 ± 10 years; BMI, 27.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed this randomized parallel clinical trial consisting of an 8-week partial outpatient feeding intervention. Participants were given meals and snacks accounting for ∼60% of their daily energy needs, with 30% of energy needs from either CSO (n = 21) or OO (n = 22). At pre- and postdiet intervention visits, participants consumed a high-SFA meal (35% of total energy needs; 70% of energy from fat). The primary outcomes of fasting cholesterol profiles and secondary outcomes of postprandial blood lipids and glycemic markers were assessed over a 5-hour period.

Results: There were greater reductions from baseline to week 8 in fasting serum total cholesterol (TC; -17.0 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -2.18 ± 3.72 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.008), LDL cholesterol (-19.7 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -5.72 ± 4.23 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.018), non-HDL cholesterol (-20.8 mg/dL ± 4.00 compared with -6.61 ± 4.01 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.014), and apoB (-11.8 mg/dL ± 2.37 compared with -3.10 ± 2.99 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.05), in CSO compared with OO. There were also visit effects from baseline to week 8 for increases in HDL cholesterol (CSO, 56.5 ± 2.79 mg/dL to 60.2 ± 3.35 mg/dL, respectively; OO: 59.7 ± 2.63 mg/dL to 64.1 ± 2.24 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001), and decreases in the TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio (CSO, 4.30 ± 0.27 mg/dL to 3.78 ± 0.27 mg/dL, respectively; OO, 3.94 ± 0.16 mg/dL to 3.57 ± 0.11 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001), regardless of group assignment. In response to the high-SFA meal, there were differences in postprandial plasma glucose (P = 0.003) and triglyceride (P = 0.004) responses and a trend in nonesterified fatty acids (P = 0.11) between groups, showing protection in the postprandial state from an occasional high-SFA fat meal with CSO, but not OO, diet enrichment.

Conclusions: CSO, but not OO, diet enrichment caused substantial improvements in fasting and postprandial blood lipids and postprandial glycemia in hypercholesterolemic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04397055.

Keywords: HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; SCD1; cottonseed oil; high-fat diet; hypercholesterolemia; olive oil; stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
CONSORT flow diagram selection of participants.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Serum fasting (A) TC, (B) LDL cholesterol, (C) apoB, (D) non–HDL cholesterol, (E) TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio, and (F) HDL cholesterol from pre-, mid-, and postdiet intervention visits in adults with hypercholesterolemia (CSO, n = 21; OO, n = 22). Data were analyzed using a 2-way (treatment × visit) repeated-measures ANOVA. *Significant treatment × visit interaction (P < 0.001) and a difference from baseline at a P value < 0.05. ǂA trend for a treatment × visit interaction (P = 0.09) and a difference from baseline at a P value < 0.01. #Significant visit effect and a difference from baseline, regardless of group assignment, at a P value < 0.05. All values are presented as means ± SEMs. Preintervention visits were at week 0, midintervention visits at week 4, and postintervention visits at week 8. CSO, cottonseed oil; Mid, midintervention; OO, olive oil; Pre, preintervention; Post, postintervention; TC, total cholesterol.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Fasting biochemical markers of (A) plasma triglycerides, (B) plasma NEFAs, (C) serum LDL-P, (D) serum LDL medium, (E) plasma insulin, (F) plasma glucose, (G) serum HDL large, and (H) serum LDL small, from pre-, mid-, and postdiet intervention visits in adults with hypercholesterolemia (CSO, n = 21; OO, n = 22). Data were analyzed using a 2-way (treatment × visit) repeated-measures ANOVA. #Significant visit effect and a difference from baseline, regardless of group assignment, at a P value < 0.05. All values are presented as means ± SEMs. Preintervention visits were at week 0, midintervention visits at week 4, and postintervention visits at week 8. LDL-P, LDL particle number; Mid, midintervention; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; Pre, preintervention; Post, postintervention.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Time course for (A, B) plasma TGs, (C, D) NEFAs, (E, F) insulin, and (G, H) glucose for each treatment at pre- and postintervention visits in adults with hypercholesterolemia (CSO, n = 21; OO, n = 21). Participants consumed a high–saturated fat breakfast meal immediately after time 0. *Significant treatment × visit interaction and a difference between the pre- and postintervention meal responses within a group (P < 0.05). ǂTrend for treatment × visit interaction and a difference between the pre- and postintervention meal responses within a group (P = 0.10). All values are presented as means ± SEMs. Preintervention visits were at week 0 and postintervention visits were at week 8. CSO, cottonseed oil; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; OO, olive oil; Post, postintervention; Pre, preintervention; TG, triglyceride.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. WHO . Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases....
    1. Kopin L, Lowenstein C. Dyslipidemia. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(11):ITC81–96. - PubMed
    1. Carroll MD, Fryar CD. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: United States, 2015–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 363. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2020.
    1. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: Modulation by replacement nutrients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010;12(6):384–90. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mensink RP, Effects of saturated fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: A systematic review and regression analysis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016.

Publication types

Associated data