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. 2022 Apr 18;15(8):2955.
doi: 10.3390/ma15082955.

Wettability and Surface Roughness Analysis of Laser Surface Texturing of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

Edit Roxana Moldovan  1 , Carlos Concheso Doria  2 , José Luis Ocaña  3 , Liana Sanda Baltes  1 , Elena Manuela Stanciu  1 , Catalin Croitoru  1 , Alexandru Pascu  1 , Ionut Claudiu Roata  1 , Mircea Horia Tierean  1
Affiliations

Wettability and Surface Roughness Analysis of Laser Surface Texturing of AISI 430 Stainless Steel

Edit Roxana Moldovan et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Due to its wide applicability in industry, devising microstructures on the surface of materials can be easily implemented and automated in technological processes. Laser Surface Texturing (LST) is applied to modify the chemical composition, morphology, and roughness of surfaces (wettability), cleaning (remove contaminants), reducing internal stresses of metals (hardening, tempering), surface energy (polymers, metals), increasing the adhesion (hybrid joining, bioengineering) and decreasing the growth of pathogenic bacteria (bioengineering). This paper is a continuation and extension of our previous studies in laser-assisted texturing of surfaces. Three different patterns (crater array-type C, two ellipses at 90° overlapping with its mirror-type B and 3 concentric octagons-type A) were applied with a nanosecond pulsed laser (active medium Nd: Fiber Diode-pumped) on the surface of a ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430). Micro texturing the surface of a material can modify its wettability behavior. A hydrophobic surface (contact angle greater than 90°) was obtained with different variations depending on the parameters. The analysis performed in this research (surface roughness, wettability) is critical for assessing the surface functionality, characteristics and properties of the stainless steel surface after the LST process. The values of the surface roughness and the contact angle are directly proportional to the number of repetitions and inversely proportional to the speed. Recommendations for the use of different texturing pattern designs are also made.

Keywords: ferritic stainless steel; surface laser texturing; surface patterning; surface roughness; wettability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Spectral reflectance of the sample of AISI 430 stainless steel ferritic.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Schematic representation of the test sample and pattern design type A, (b) detail of the pattern design A (all dimensions in mm), (c,d) macro and microscopic image, (e) 3D topographic image of LST design type A adapted from [39].
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Schematic representation of the test sample and pattern design type B, (b) detail of the pattern design B (all dimensions in mm), (c,d) macro and microscopic image, (e) 3D topographic image of LST design type B adapted from [39].
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Schematic representation of the test sample and pattern design type C, (b) detail of the pattern design C (all dimensions in mm), (c,d) macro and microscopic image, (e) 3D topographic image of LST design type C adapted from [39].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Representation of laser spot overlapping 0% (a), 50% (b) and 90% (c).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pulse width (a), pulse energy (b) fluence (c) engendered by frequency.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pulse width (a), pulse energy (b) fluence (c) engendered by frequency.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Spots number/cm2 vs. speed—(a) on speed direction and (b) on hatch direction.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Surface roughness charts for design type A, Rz—deviation from the mean line, specifically focusing on the highest peak and valley (a), Rt—total height of the roughness profile of the deepest valley within the evaluation length (b) and Ra—measures the average length between the peaks and valleys and the deviation from the mean line on the entire surface (c).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Surface roughness charts for design type A, Rz—deviation from the mean line, specifically focusing on the highest peak and valley (a), Rt—total height of the roughness profile of the deepest valley within the evaluation length (b) and Ra—measures the average length between the peaks and valleys and the deviation from the mean line on the entire surface (c).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Surface roughness charts for design type B, Rz—deviation from the mean line, specifically focusing on the highest peak and valley (a), Rt—total height of the roughness profile of the deepest valley within the evaluation length (b) and Ra—measures the average length between the peaks and valleys and the deviation from the mean line on the entire surface (c).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Surface roughness charts for design type C, Rz—deviation from the mean line, specifically focusing on the highest peak and valley (a), Rt—total height of the roughness profile of the deepest valley within the evaluation length (b) and Ra—measures the average length between the peaks and valleys and the deviation from the mean line on the entire surface (c).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Average contact angle for design type A.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Average contact angle for design type B.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Average contact angle for design type C.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Aberration in contact angle measurement of the sample design type B (no. of repetition 1/frequency 40 kHz).
Figure 15
Figure 15
Aberration in contact angle measurement of the sample design type B (no. of repetition 10/frequency 40 kHz).
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