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Review
. 2022 Mar 12;11(3):378.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030378.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Review of Strategies to Avoid Polymyxins and Carbapenems Misuse in Low Middle-Income Countries

Fabrício Rodrigues Torres de Carvalho  1   2 , João Paulo Telles  3   4   5 , Felipe Francisco Bodan Tuon  4 , Roberto Rabello Filho  1 , Pedro Caruso  2 , Thiago Domingos Correa  1
Affiliations
Review

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Review of Strategies to Avoid Polymyxins and Carbapenems Misuse in Low Middle-Income Countries

Fabrício Rodrigues Torres de Carvalho et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Antibiotics misuse and overuse are concerning issues worldwide, especially in low middle-income countries. These practices contribute to the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. One efficient strategy to avoid them is antimicrobial stewardship programs. In this review, we focus on the possible approaches to spare the prescription of polymyxins and carbapenems for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, and Pseudomonas aeruginosas infections. Additionally, we highlight how to implement cumulative antibiograms and biomarkers to a sooner de-escalation of antibiotics.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; carbapenems; polymyxins; procalcitonin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Steps for a cumulative antibiogram (adapted from Hindler JF, Stelling J. Analysis and presentation of cumulative antibiograms: a new consensus guideline from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15;44(6):867–73).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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