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Review
. 2022 Mar 15;11(3):554.
doi: 10.3390/antiox11030554.

Dietary Polyphenols as Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: A Mechanistic Insight

Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari  1
Affiliations
Review

Dietary Polyphenols as Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: A Mechanistic Insight

Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

Dietary polyphenols encompass a diverse range of secondary metabolites found in nature, such as fruits, vegetables, herbal teas, wine, and cocoa products, etc. Structurally, they are either derivatives or isomers of phenol acid, isoflavonoids and possess hidden health promoting characteristics, such as antioxidative, anti-aging, anti-cancerous and many more. The use of such polyphenols in combating the neuropathological war raging in this generation is currently a hotly debated topic. Lately, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging as the most common neuropathological disease, destroying the livelihoods of millions in one way or another. Any therapeutic intervention to curtail its advancement in the generation to come has been in vain to date. Using dietary polyphenols to construct the barricade around it is going to be an effective strategy, taking into account their hidden potential to counter multifactorial events taking place under such pathology. Besides their strong antioxidant properties, naturally occurring polyphenols are reported to have neuroprotective effects by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, in this review, I am focusing on unlocking the hidden secrets of dietary polyphenols and their mechanistic advantages to fight the war with AD and related pathology.

Keywords: amyloid; homeostasis; like curcumin; metal chelation; quercetin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different plausible Alzheimer’s disease mechanisms of Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation and aggregation, neurotransmitters imbalance, genetic defects, neuroinflammation, amyloid cross-seeding, vascular dysfunction, mitochondria dysfunction, and metal dysregulation [31]. “Reprinted from [31] “A mechanistic survey of Alzheimer’s disease” Biophysical Chemistry 2022, 281, 106735, (2022), with permission from Elsevier”.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proposed Alzheimer’s disease Hypothesis and the mechanisms involved [32]. “Reprinted from “Nanocarrier mediated drug delivery as an impeccable therapeutic approach against Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Controlled Release 2022, 343, 528–550, Taliyan, R.; Kakoty, V.; Sarathlal, K.C.; Kharavtekar, S.S.; Karennanavar, C.R.; Choudhary, Y.K.; Singhvi, G.; Riadi, Y.; Dubey, S.K.; Kesharwani, P. Copyright (2022), with permission from Elsevier”.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Classification of Dietary Polyphenols. Basic classification includes flavonoids (Anthocyanin, Anthoxanthin), stilbenes (Trans-resveratrol), phenolic acid (caffeic acid), diferuloylmethane, tannins (tannic acid).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dietary Polyphenols’ Anti-Oxidative Mechanism. Mostly dietary polyphenols’ basic mechanism of action involves their role as antioxidant which can be achieved by modulating NRF2-KEAP1 antioxidant response pathway or through modulation of antioxidant enzyme, such as SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dietary Polyphenols Influencing Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing by modulating non-amyloidogenic pathway and amyloidogenic pathway.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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