Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Mar;167(3):717-736.
doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05375-0. Epub 2022 Jan 28.

Progress, evolving therapeutic/diagnostic approaches, and challenges in the management of hepatitis C virus infections

Rohan Janardhan Meshram #  1 , Gunderao Hanumantrao Kathwate #  2 , Rajesh Nivarti Gacche  3
Affiliations
Review

Progress, evolving therapeutic/diagnostic approaches, and challenges in the management of hepatitis C virus infections

Rohan Janardhan Meshram et al. Arch Virol. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are emerging as one of the foremost challenges in healthcare owing to its chronicity and the virus's quasispecies nature. Worldwide, over 170 million people are chronically infected with HCV, with an annual mortality of over 500,000 people across the world. The emerging pathophysiological evidence links HCV infections to a risk of developing liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the great strides that have been made towards understanding the pathophysiology of disease progression, the tailored treatments of HCV infection remain to be established. The present review provides an update of the literature pertaining to evolving therapeutic approaches and prophylactic measures for the effective management of HCV infections. An extensive discussion of established and experimental immune prophylactic measures also sheds light on current developments in the design of vaccination strategies against HCV infection. We have also attempted to address the application of nanotechnology in formulating effective therapeutic interventions against HCV. Pointing out the limitations of the existing diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches against HCV might inspire the design and development of novel, efficient, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic technologies as well as novel therapeutic and immune prophylactic interventions for the effective management of HCV.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Chemical structures of newly identified HCV agents
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Chemical structures of newly identified HCV agents that are in early clinical trials
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Map of the HCV genome, showing the positions of genes encoding viral proteins that are targets for antiviral therapy. The drugs are color coded according to their target: NS5B (green, PDB 4KAI), NS4B (magenta, PDB 6NZV), NS4A (blue, PDB 4CL1), NS3-4A (orange, PDB 3LOX).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Keikha M, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Kamali A, Yousefi M, Karbalaei M. HCV genotypes and their determinative role in hepatitis C treatment. Virus Dis. 2020;31(3):235–240. doi: 10.1007/s13337-020-00592-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Farci P, Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome [Science 1989; 244:359–362] J Hepatol. 2002;36(5):582–585. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(02). - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alzahrani N, Wu MJ, Shanmugam S, Yi M. Delayed by design: role of suboptimal signal peptidase processing of viral structural protein precursors in Flaviviridae virus assembly. Viruses. 2020 doi: 10.3390/v12101090. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stasi C, Silvestri C, Voller F. Update on hepatitis C epidemiology: unaware and untreated infected population could be the key to elimination. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2:2808–2815. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00588-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mukhopadhya A. HCV: the Indian scenario. Trop Gastroenterol. 2006;27(3):105–110. - PubMed