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Review
. 2022 Jan 8;23(2):666.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23020666.

Biosensors for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection

Maryia Drobysh  1   2 , Almira Ramanaviciene  2 , Roman Viter  3   4 , Chien-Fu Chen  5 , Urte Samukaite-Bubniene  1   2 , Vilma Ratautaite  1   2 , Arunas Ramanavicius  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Biosensors for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection

Maryia Drobysh et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Monitoring and tracking infection is required in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve this goal, the development and deployment of quick, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic methods are necessary. The determination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is performed by biosensing devices, which vary according to detection methods and the biomarkers which are inducing/providing an analytical signal. RNA hybridisation, antigen-antibody affinity interaction, and a variety of other biological reactions are commonly used to generate analytical signals that can be precisely detected using electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, optical, and other methodologies and transducers. Electrochemical biosensors, in particular, correspond to the current trend of bioanalytical process acceleration and simplification. Immunosensors are based on the determination of antigen-antibody interaction, which on some occasions can be determined in a label-free mode with sufficient sensitivity.

Keywords: COVID-19; RNA analysis; SARS-CoV-2 virus; antigen-antibody interaction; bioelectrochemistry; biosensors; electrochemical immunosensors; immobilisation of biomolecules; immune complex; molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The strategies of COVID-19 diagnosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The basic outline of electrochemical biosensors for detecting NA sequences.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The schematic illustration of DNA tetrahedron formation by annealing of four ssDNA strains followed by the immobilisation DNA tetrahedron on the gold electrode surface.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The general working concept of a split luciferase-based biosensor. Figure from [22].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic representation of FET immunosensor. Figure from [22].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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