Two-Component Systems of S. aureus: Signaling and Sensing Mechanisms

doi:10.3390/genes13010034

Review

. 2021 Dec 23;13(1):34.

doi: 10.3390/genes13010034.

Two-Component Systems of S. aureus: Signaling and Sensing Mechanisms

Lisa Bleul^{1

2}, Patrice Francois³, Christiane Wolz^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
² Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
³ Genomic Research Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospitals of Geneva University Medical Center, Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

PMID: 35052374
PMCID: PMC8774646
DOI: 10.3390/genes13010034

Review

Two-Component Systems of S. aureus: Signaling and Sensing Mechanisms

Lisa Bleul et al. Genes (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 Dec 23;13(1):34.

doi: 10.3390/genes13010034.

Authors

Lisa Bleul^{1

2}, Patrice Francois³, Christiane Wolz^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
² Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
³ Genomic Research Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospitals of Geneva University Medical Center, Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

PMID: 35052374
PMCID: PMC8774646
DOI: 10.3390/genes13010034

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus encodes 16 two-component systems (TCSs) that enable the bacteria to sense and respond to changing environmental conditions. Considering the function of these TCSs in bacterial survival and their potential role as drug targets, it is important to understand the exact mechanisms underlying signal perception. The differences between the sensing of appropriate signals and the transcriptional activation of the TCS system are often not well described, and the signaling mechanisms are only partially understood. Here, we review present insights into which signals are sensed by histidine kinases in S. aureus to promote appropriate gene expression in response to diverse environmental challenges.

Keywords: S. aureus; histidine kinase; ligand; signal sensing; two-component systems.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Structure and Signaling-Mechanisms of *S. aureus* HKs. CP: Peptidoglycan cleavage products; CAMP: Cationic antimicrobial peptide; FA: fatty acid.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. Weidenmaier C., Goerke C., Wolz C. Staphylococcus aureus determinants for nasal colonization. Trends Microbiol. 2012;20:243–250. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.03.004. - DOI - PubMed
1. Turner N.A., Sharma-Kuinkel B.K., Maskarinec S.A., Eichenberger E.M., Shah P.P., Carugati M., Holland T.L., Fowler V.G., Jr. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An overview of basic and clinical research. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019;17:203–218. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Raineri E.J.M., Altulea D., van Dijl J.M. Staphylococcal trafficking and infection—from ‘nose to gut’ and back. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2021 doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab041. online ahead of print. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Wang B., Muir T.W. Regulation of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular mechanisms and remaining puzzles. Cell Chem. Biol. 2016;23:214–224. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.01.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Rapun-Araiz B., Haag A.F., Solano C., Lasa I. The impact of two-component sensorial network in staphylococcal speciation. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2020;55:40–47. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Weidenmaier C., Goerke C., Wolz C. Staphylococcus aureus determinants for nasal colonization. Trends Microbiol. 2012;20:243–250. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.03.004. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Weidenmaier C., Goerke C., Wolz C. Staphylococcus aureus determinants for nasal colonization. Trends Microbiol. 2012;20:243–250. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.03.004. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Turner N.A., Sharma-Kuinkel B.K., Maskarinec S.A., Eichenberger E.M., Shah P.P., Carugati M., Holland T.L., Fowler V.G., Jr. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An overview of basic and clinical research. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019;17:203–218. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Turner N.A., Sharma-Kuinkel B.K., Maskarinec S.A., Eichenberger E.M., Shah P.P., Carugati M., Holland T.L., Fowler V.G., Jr. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An overview of basic and clinical research. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2019;17:203–218. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Raineri E.J.M., Altulea D., van Dijl J.M. Staphylococcal trafficking and infection—from ‘nose to gut’ and back. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2021 doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab041. online ahead of print. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Raineri E.J.M., Altulea D., van Dijl J.M. Staphylococcal trafficking and infection—from ‘nose to gut’ and back. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2021 doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab041. online ahead of print. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Wang B., Muir T.W. Regulation of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular mechanisms and remaining puzzles. Cell Chem. Biol. 2016;23:214–224. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.01.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Wang B., Muir T.W. Regulation of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular mechanisms and remaining puzzles. Cell Chem. Biol. 2016;23:214–224. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.01.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Rapun-Araiz B., Haag A.F., Solano C., Lasa I. The impact of two-component sensorial network in staphylococcal speciation. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2020;55:40–47. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Rapun-Araiz B., Haag A.F., Solano C., Lasa I. The impact of two-component sensorial network in staphylococcal speciation. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2020;55:40–47. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Two-Component Systems of S. aureus: Signaling and Sensing Mechanisms

Affiliations

Two-Component Systems of S. aureus: Signaling and Sensing Mechanisms

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Conflict of interest statement

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