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. 2021 Dec 15;13(12):13336-13355.
eCollection 2021.

Pan-cancer investigation of CENPK gene: clinical significance and oncogenic immunology

Hanqian Zeng  1 , Yanyan Shen  2 , Suzita Hirachan  3 , Adheesh Bhandari  1 , Xiangjian Zhang  4
Affiliations

Pan-cancer investigation of CENPK gene: clinical significance and oncogenic immunology

Hanqian Zeng et al. Am J Transl Res. .

Abstract

Many studies have confirmed that the CENPK gene regulates the progression of cancers, but its specific molecular mechanism remains unidentified, as does its significance in the analysis of human cancers. We specify a comprehensive genomic architecture of the CENPK gene associated with the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Statistics from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) of over 30 solid tumors were examined. CENPK was expressed differentially in several cancers and is significantly associated in survival outcomes, with higher CENPK signifying a worse prognosis for ACC, KICH, KIRC, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUAD, MESO, and SARC. We further examined its clinical relevance with tumor immunogenic features. The expression level of CENPK was not only strongly linked to the tumor infiltration, such as tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune scores but also linked to microsatellite instability and tumor mutation burden in diverse cancers (P<0.05). I mmune markers such as TNFRSF14 and VSIR were highly expressed on over 20 kinds of human cancer and mismatch repair genes like MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were positively related with CENPK expression. Moreover, the methyltransferases and functional pathways also seem to have a relationship with the CENPK. CENPK is expected to be a guiding marker gene for clinical prognosis and tumor personalized immunotherapy.

Keywords: CENPK; Pan-cancer; clinical significance; immune infiltration; prognostic bio-maker.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CENPK expression level in human pan-cancer analyses. A. Expression of CENPK in 31 tissues in GTEX. B. Expression of CENPK in 21 tissues in CCLE. C. Level of CENPK in TCGA. D. Expression level in TCGA combined with GTEX. The blue and yellow bar graphs indicate normal and tumor tissues, respectively. *P<.05; **P<.01; ***P<.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Box plot shows the association of CENPK expression with age for cancers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Box plot shows the association of CENPK expression with pathologic stages for cancers.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Association of CENPK expression with patient overall survival (OS). A. Forest plot shows the relationship of CENPK expression with patient OS. B-K. Kaplan-Meier analyses show the association between CENPK expression and OS for cancers.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Association of CENPK expression with patient disease-specific survival (DSS). A. The forest plot shows the relationship of CENPK expression with DSS. B-J. Kaplan-Meier analyses show the association between CENPK expression and DSS for cancers.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Association of CENPK expression with patient disease-free interval (DFI). A. The forest plot shows the relationship of CENPK expression with DFI. B-E. Kaplan-Meier analyses show the association between CENPK expression and DFI for cancers.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Association of CENPK expression with patient progression-free interval (PFI). A. The forest plot shows the relationship of CENPK expression with PFI. B-K. Kaplan-Meier analyses show the association between CENPK expression and PFI for cancers.
Figure 8
Figure 8
CENPK expression is correlated with cancer immunity. A. TIMER predicts that the CENPK level is related to the degree of immune infiltration within KIRC, LIHC and PRAD. B. The heat map represents the relationship between 47 immune checkpoint genes and gene expression of CENPK. For each pair, the right triangle is colored to represent the P-value; the left triangle is colored to indicate the Spearman correlation coefficient. *P<.05; **P<.01; ***P<.001. C. Relationship between gene expression with the StromalScore, Est_ImmuneScore and ESTIMATEScore.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Relationship between the number of neoantigens and gene expression in each tumor.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Correlation of CENPK expression with TMB and MSI and mutation pattern of CENPK gene in tumor samples. A. The radar chart displays the overlap between CENPK and TMB. The number represents the Spearman correlation coefficient. B. The radar chart displays the overlap between CENPK and MSI. The number represents the Spearman correlation coefficient. C. Mutation of CENPK in UCSC.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Relationship between CENPK expression with MMRS and methyltransferase in various tumor samples. A. Relationship between CENPK expression and mutation of 5 MMRs genes. B. Relationship between 4 methyltransferases and CENPK expression.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Enrichment results of the GO and KEGG pathways in the high expression group and the low expression group.
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