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Review
. 2021 Dec 25;22(1):133.
doi: 10.3390/s22010133.

Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Medical Diagnosis Applications: A Review

Zhenbiao Wang  1   2 , Junjie Chen  3 , Sayed Ali Khan  1 , Fajun Li  1 , Jiaqing Shen  1 , Qilin Duan  1 , Xueying Liu  1 , Jinfeng Zhu  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Medical Diagnosis Applications: A Review

Zhenbiao Wang et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Plasmonic metasurfaces have been widely used in biosensing to improve the interaction between light and biomolecules through the effects of near-field confinement. When paired with biofunctionalization, plasmonic metasurface sensing is considered as a viable strategy for improving biomarker detection technologies. In this review, we enumerate the fundamental mechanism of plasmonic metasurfaces sensing and present their detection in human tumors and COVID-19. The advantages of rapid sampling, streamlined processes, high sensitivity, and easy accessibility are highlighted compared with traditional detection techniques. This review is looking forward to assisting scientists in advancing research and developing a new generation of multifunctional biosensors.

Keywords: COVID-19; biosensing; cancer; plasmonic metasurfaces.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
An overview of this review, the center is the typical sensing structure of plasmonic metasurfaces.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Functionalization of different nanostructures and sensing performance. (a) Biofunctionalization of periodic nanorods. (b) The linear fitting relationship between wavelength dip shift migration and CEA concentration. (c) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of exosomes captured by functionalized nanohole arrays. (d) Comparison of exosome detection sensitivity between nanohole chip and ELISA. Reprinted (a,b) with permission from Reference [76]. Reprinted (c,d) with permission from Reference [77].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different nanostructures and PSA sensing performance. (a) Biorecognition process of PSA based on gold nano disks. (b) The distribution of the electric field intensity at resonance around gold nanodisk array by FDTD simulation. (c) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (side view) of aluminum nanopyramid array. (d) Reflectance spectra for detecting CA199 based on the anti-CA199 modified Al nanopyramid array by specific interaction in different solutions; Reprinted (a,b) with permission from Reference [83]. Reprinted (c,d) with permission from Reference [87].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Performance of different nanostructures and sensing performance for exosomes. (a) Exosomes associate with Aβ proteins. The Aβ protein, the main component of amyloid plaques found in AD brain pathology, is released into the extracellular space. Exosomes are nano-scale outer cell membrane vesicles secreted by mammalian cells. Exosomes bind to the released Aβ protein through their surface glycoproteins and glycolipids (b) The APEX platform was used to measure exosomal-bound Aβ in blood samples of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no cognitive impairment (NCI) control groups. The blood measurement results are correlated with the corresponding PET imaging of cerebral amyloid plaque deposition. (c) A representative schematic diagram of the change transmission spectrum with APEX magnification. The APEX platform monitors the specific exosome binding (before) and the subsequent amplification spectrum (after) transmission spectrum shift (Δλ). a.u arbitrary unit. (d) Schematic illustration of in-situ detection of exosome (e) Correlation of AuNC-Exosome-AuR signal ratio against to exosome concentration. Reprinted (a,c) with permission from Reference [97]. Reprinted (d,e) with permission from Reference [98].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Different structures and sensing properties of SARS-CoV-2 detection. (a) Schematic diagram of nanocup array for COVID-19 detection. (b) SARS-CoV-2 mAbs labeled AuNP enhanced binding curves with different concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudo virus over the range 0–1.0 × 107 vp/mL. (c) SEM diagram of nano spikes structure. (d) LSPR responses at different anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody concentrations. Reprinted (a,b) with permission from Reference [140]. Reprinted (c,d) with permission from Reference [141].
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