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. 2021 Dec 24:11:797549.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.797549. eCollection 2021.

Stress Granules in the Anti-Cancer Medications Mechanism of Action: A Systematic Scoping Review

Mohammad Reza Asadi  1 , Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian  1 , Hani Sabaie  1 , Marziye Poornabi  2 , Elham Ghasemi  3 , Mehdi Hassani  4 , Bashdar Mahmud Hussen  5 , Mohammad Taheri  6   7 , Maryam Rezazadeh  1   8
Affiliations

Stress Granules in the Anti-Cancer Medications Mechanism of Action: A Systematic Scoping Review

Mohammad Reza Asadi et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Stress granule (SG) formation is a well-known cellular mechanism for minimizing stress-related damage and increasing cell survival. In addition to playing a critical role in the stress response, SGs have emerged as critical mediators in human health. It seems logical that SGs play a key role in cancer cell formation, development, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that many SG components contribute to the anti-cancer medications' responses through tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. SG proteins are known for their involvement in the translation process, control of mRNA stability, and capacity to function in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The current systematic review aimed to include all research on the impact of SGs on the mechanism of action of anti-cancer medications and was conducted using a six-stage methodological framework and the PRISMA guideline. Prior to October 2021, a systematic search of seven databases for eligible articles was performed. Following the review of the publications, the collected data were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Notably, Bortezomib, Sorafenib, Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Doxorubicin accounted for the majority of the medications examined in the studies. Overall, this systematic scoping review attempts to demonstrate and give a complete overview of the function of SGs in the mechanism of action of anti-cancer medications by evaluating all research.

Keywords: 5-fluorouracil; anti-cancer medication; bortezomib; cisplatin; doxorubicin; oxaliplatin; sorafenib; stress granule.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Search strategy flow chart based on the PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The ratio of Stress Granules protein components and type of studies. (A). Other refers to proteins that have been considered only once in all studies, including CCAR1, DDX3, DDX6, eIF3b, eIF3c, eIF3f, eIF4A1, eIF4D, eIF4E, eIF4G1, FMR1, FMRP, G3BP1, hnRNPA1, hnRNPk, hnRNPA2B1, HSP90a, mTOR, PRMT1, RACK1, RAPTOR, Rbfox2, Sam68, SQSTM1/p62, SRSF1, TDRD3, TIAL1, TTP, USP9X, YWHAZ, ATXN2. (B). Cell culture studies were the most common kind of research, followed by cell culture, animal studies, and tissue specimen studies with the most significant number (13.6 percent in study design), cell culture and tissue specimen studies with 9.1 percent, and cell culture and animal studies with 2% of all studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The proportion of anti-cancer medications utilized in studies. Other refers to anti-Cancer medications that have been considered only once in all studies, including Arsenic trioxide, boric acid, c108, camptothecin, Capecitabine, celecoxib, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, Darinaparsin, docetaxel, fasnall, ibrutinib, Imatinib, lapatinib, Mitoxantrone, Mn3O4, MO-460, morusin, MS-275, nocodazole, Phenethyllisothiocyanate, Psammaplysin F, QLT0267, raloxifene, resveratrol, TAT-RasGAP317–326 (peptide), torkinib, tunicamycin, Verrucarin, Vinca Alkaloid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SGs involved in anti-cancer medications mechanism of actions. The impact of anti-cancer medications on the development of SGs through eIF2α phosphorylation is depicted in a schematic. Accumulation of SGs with particular features leads to chemoresistance, which may be anticipated by enhancing the sensitivity of specific medications by combining specific pharmaceuticals or knocking down a portion of the protein components of SGs.
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