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. 2021 Dec 23:12:786554.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786554. eCollection 2021.

Response and Duration of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies After Inactivated Vaccination Within 160 Days

Qiu-Yan Xu  1   2 , Jian-Hang Xue  3 , Yao Xiao  1   4 , Zhi-Juan Jia  5 , Meng-Juan Wu  5 , Yan-Yun Liu  5 , Wei-Li Li  6 , Xian-Ming Liang  1 , Tian-Ci Yang  1   2
Affiliations

Response and Duration of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies After Inactivated Vaccination Within 160 Days

Qiu-Yan Xu et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Background: A vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with highly effective protection is urgently needed. The anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody response and duration after vaccination are crucial predictive indicators.

Objectives: To evaluate the response and duration for 5 subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination and their predictive value for protection.

Methods: We determined the response and duration for 5 subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA) in 61 volunteers within 160 days after the CoronaVac vaccine. A logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of the persistence of neutralizing antibody persistence.

Results: The seropositivity rates of neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA were only 4.92%, 27.87%, 21.31%, 3.28% and 0.00%, respectively, at the end of the first dose (28 days). After the second dose, the seropositivity rates reached peaks of 95.08%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 59.02% and 31.15% in two weeks (42 days). Their decay was obvious and the seropositivity rate remained at 19.67%, 54.10%, 50.82%, 3.28% and 0.00% on day 160, respectively. The level of neutralizing antibody reached a peak of 149.40 (101.00-244.60) IU/mL two weeks after the second dose (42 days) and dropped to 14.23 (7.62-30.73) IU/mL at 160 days, with a half-life of 35.61(95% CI, 32.68 to 39.12) days. Younger participants (≤31 years) had 6.179 times more persistent neutralizing antibodies than older participants (>31 years) (P<0.05). Participants with anti-Spike IgA seropositivity had 4.314 times greater persistence of neutralizing antibodies than participants without anti-Spike IgA seroconversion (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Antibody response for the CoronaVac vaccine was intense and comprehensive with 95.08% neutralizing seropositivity rate, while decay was also obvious after 160 days. Therefore, booster doses should be considered in the vaccine strategies.

Keywords: COVID-19; CoronaVac; SARS-CoV-2; anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody; neutralizing antibody.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors Z-JJ, MJ-W, and Y-YL are employed by Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., and author W-LL is employed by Autobio Diagnostic Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and duration after vaccination over time. The levels and half-lives of neutralizing antibody (A), anti-RBD total antibody (B), anti-Spike IgG (C), anti-Spike IgM (D), and anti-Spike IgA (E) were determined after vaccination over time. There were significant differences with repeated-measures ANOVA in all of antibodies (P < 0.05). The decay half-lives for individuals were estimated using a linear mixed effects model with censoring of titers below the positive threshold. formula image Receive vaccine .
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