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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Jan:183:109050.
doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109050. Epub 2021 Dec 6.

IDF Diabetes Atlas: Estimation of Global and Regional Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group's Criteria

Hui Wang  1 , Ninghua Li  1 , Tawanda Chivese  2 , Mahmoud Werfalli  3 , Hong Sun  4 , Lili Yuen  5 , Cecilia Ambrosius Hoegfeldt  6 , Camille Elise Powe  7 , Jincy Immanuel  5 , Suvi Karuranga  4 , Hema Divakar  8 , NAomi Levitt  9 , Changping Li  1 , David Simmons  6 , Xilin Yang  10 ; IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Special Interest Group
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

IDF Diabetes Atlas: Estimation of Global and Regional Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group's Criteria

Hui Wang et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Aims: The approaches used to screen and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vary widely. We generated a comparable estimate of the global and regional prevalence of GDM by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG)'s criteria.

Methods: We searched PubMed and other databases and retrieved 57 studies to estimate the prevalence of GDM. Prevalence rate ratios of different diagnostic criteria, screening strategies and age groups, were used to standardize the prevalence of GDM in individual studies included in the analysis. Fixed effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate standardized pooled prevalence of GDM by IDF regions and World Bank country income groups.

Results: The pooled global standardized prevalence of GDM was 14.0% (95% confidence interval: 13.97-14.04%). The regional standardized prevalence of GDM were 7.1% (7.0-7.2%) in North America and Caribbean (NAC), 7.8% (7.2-8.4%) in Europe (EUR), 10.4% (10.1-10.7%) in South America and Central America (SACA), 14.2% (14.0-14.4%) in Africa (AFR), 14.7% (14.7-14.8%) in Western Pacific (WP), 20.8% (20.2-21.4%) in South-East Asia (SEA) and 27.6% (26.9-28.4%) in Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The standardized prevalence of GDM in low-, middle- and high-income countries were 12.7% (11.0-14.6%), 9.2% (9.0-9.3%) and 14.2% (14.1-14.2%), respectively.

Conclusions: The highest standardized prevalence of GDM was in MENA and SEA, followed by WP and AFR. Among the three World Bank country income groups, high income countries had the highest standardized prevalence of GDM. The standardized estimates for the prevalence of GDM provide an insight for the global picture of GDM.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas; Prevalence; Regional differences.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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