Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management

doi:10.1186/s41479-021-00092-9

Review

. 2021 Dec 6;13(1):14.

doi: 10.1186/s41479-021-00092-9.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management

Anolin Aslan¹, Cynthia Aslan^{2

3}, Naime Majidi Zolbanin^{4

5}, Reza Jafari^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
² Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
⁴ Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁶ Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St., Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran. Jafari.reza@umsu.ac.ir.
⁷ Hematology, Immune Cell Therapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Jafari.reza@umsu.ac.ir.

PMID: 34872623
PMCID: PMC8647516
DOI: 10.1186/s41479-021-00092-9

Review

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management

Anolin Aslan et al. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2021.

. 2021 Dec 6;13(1):14.

doi: 10.1186/s41479-021-00092-9.

Authors

Anolin Aslan¹, Cynthia Aslan^{2

3}, Naime Majidi Zolbanin^{4

5}, Reza Jafari^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
² Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
⁴ Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁶ Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St., Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran. Jafari.reza@umsu.ac.ir.
⁷ Hematology, Immune Cell Therapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Jafari.reza@umsu.ac.ir.

PMID: 34872623
PMCID: PMC8647516
DOI: 10.1186/s41479-021-00092-9

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic is a serious concern in the new era. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and lung failure are the main lung diseases in COVID-19 patients. Even though COVID-19 vaccinations are available now, there is still an urgent need to find potential treatments to ease the effects of COVID-19 on already sick patients. Multiple experimental drugs have been approved by the FDA with unknown efficacy and possible adverse effects. Probably the increasing number of studies worldwide examining the potential COVID-19 related therapies will help to identification of effective ARDS treatment. In this review article, we first provide a summary on immunopathology of ARDS next we will give an overview of management of patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU), while focusing on the current treatment strategies being evaluated in the clinical trials in COVID-19-induced ARDS patients.

Keywords: ARDS; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict interests.

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References

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[1] Wee SL, McNeil DG, Hernández JC. WHO declares global emergency as Wuhan coronavirus spreads. New York Times. 2020;30.

[2] Wee SL, McNeil DG, Hernández JC. WHO declares global emergency as Wuhan coronavirus spreads. New York Times. 2020;30.

[3] Colavita F, Lapa D, Carletti F, Lalle E, Bordi L, Marsella P, Nicastri E, Bevilacqua N, Giancola ML, Corpolongo A, Ippolito G. SARS-CoV-2 isolation from ocular secretions of a patient with COVID-19 in Italy with prolonged viral RNA detection. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(3):242–3. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Colavita F, Lapa D, Carletti F, Lalle E, Bordi L, Marsella P, Nicastri E, Bevilacqua N, Giancola ML, Corpolongo A, Ippolito G. SARS-CoV-2 isolation from ocular secretions of a patient with COVID-19 in Italy with prolonged viral RNA detection. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(3):242–3. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Hu Y, Sun J, Dai Z, Deng H, Li X, Huang Q, Wu Y, Sun L, Xu Y. Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104371. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Hu Y, Sun J, Dai Z, Deng H, Li X, Huang Q, Wu Y, Sun L, Xu Y. Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104371. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281–6. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281–6. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Li X, Ma X. Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? Crit Care. 2020;24(1):1–5. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Li X, Ma X. Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? Crit Care. 2020;24(1):1–5. - PMC - PubMed

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management

Affiliations

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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