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. 2021 Nov 5:2021:2921737.
doi: 10.1155/2021/2921737. eCollection 2021.

A Novel Context Aware Joint Segmentation and Classification Framework for Glaucoma Detection

S Sankar Ganesh  1 , G Kannayeram  2 , Alagar Karthick  3 , M Muhibbullah  4
Affiliations

A Novel Context Aware Joint Segmentation and Classification Framework for Glaucoma Detection

S Sankar Ganesh et al. Comput Math Methods Med. .

Abstract

Glaucoma is a chronic ocular disease characterized by damage to the optic nerve resulting in progressive and irreversible visual loss. Early detection and timely clinical interventions are critical in improving glaucoma-related outcomes. As a typical and complicated ocular disease, glaucoma detection presents a unique challenge due to its insidious onset and high intra- and interpatient variabilities. Recent studies have demonstrated that robust glaucoma detection systems can be realized with deep learning approaches. The optic disc (OD) is the most commonly studied retinal structure for screening and diagnosing glaucoma. This paper proposes a novel context aware deep learning framework called GD-YNet, for OD segmentation and glaucoma detection. It leverages the potential of aggregated transformations and the simplicity of the YNet architecture in context aware OD segmentation and binary classification for glaucoma detection. Trained with the RIGA and RIMOne-V2 datasets, this model achieves glaucoma detection accuracies of 99.72%, 98.02%, 99.50%, and 99.41% with the ACRIMA, Drishti-gs, REFUGE, and RIMOne-V1 datasets. Further, the proposed model can be extended to a multiclass segmentation and classification model for glaucoma staging and severity assessment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Architecture of (a) residual block. (b) ResNext block.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Layer CAM construction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
YNet architecture.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Architecture of inception block.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Joint OD segmentation and glaucoma detection framework.
Figure 6
Figure 6
GD-YNet architecture with inception blocks in YNet.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Channel activations for a fundus image.
Figure 8
Figure 8
LayerCAM construction and OD segmentation.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Segmentation results for RIMOne-V2.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Confusion matrices for classification: (a) ACRIMA, (b) Drishti-gs, (c) REFUGE, and (d) RIM-One.
Figure 11
Figure 11
ROC for classification: (a) ACRIMA, (b) Drishti-gs, (c) REFUGE, and (d) RIM-One.
Figure 12
Figure 12
XIA on glaucoma detection.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Ablation study-LayerCAM construction and OD segmentation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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