Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055

Review

. 2022 Jan:132:908-935.

doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055. Epub 2021 Nov 9.

Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment

Affiliations

¹ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; COSMIAC Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
² Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA.
³ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
⁴ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
⁵ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA.
⁶ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.
⁷ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. Electronic address: april.e.ronca@nasa.gov.

PMID: 34767877
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055

Review

Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment

Siddhita D Mhatre et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jan.

. 2022 Jan:132:908-935.

doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055. Epub 2021 Nov 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; COSMIAC Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
² Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA.
³ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
⁴ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
⁵ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA.
⁶ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.
⁷ Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. Electronic address: april.e.ronca@nasa.gov.

PMID: 34767877
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055

Abstract

As human space exploration advances to establish a permanent presence beyond the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with NASA's Artemis mission, researchers are striving to understand and address the health challenges of living and working in the spaceflight environment. Exposure to ionizing radiation, microgravity, isolation and other spaceflight hazards pose significant risks to astronauts. Determining neurobiological and neurobehavioral responses, understanding physiological responses under Central Nervous System (CNS) control, and identifying putative mechanisms to inform countermeasure development are critically important to ensuring brain and behavioral health of crew on long duration missions. Here we provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the effects of spaceflight and of ground-based spaceflight analogs, including simulated weightlessness, social isolation, and ionizing radiation on humans and animals. Further, we discuss dietary and non-dietary countermeasures including artificial gravity and antioxidants, among others. Significant future work is needed to ensure that neural, sensorimotor, cognitive and other physiological functions are maintained during extended deep space missions to avoid potentially catastrophic health and safety outcomes.

Keywords: Central nervous system; Isolation; Microgravity; Oxidative stress response; Radiation; Rodents; Spaceflight.

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Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment

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