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. 2021 Feb;15(1):79-89.
doi: 10.1049/nbt2.12009. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Graphene oxide-ellagic acid nanocomposite as effective anticancer and antimicrobial agent

Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali  1   2 , Suha Mujahed Abudoleh  2 , Mohd Zobir Hussein  3 , Saifullah Bullo  3 , Arul Palanisamy  4
Affiliations

Graphene oxide-ellagic acid nanocomposite as effective anticancer and antimicrobial agent

Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali et al. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2021 Feb.

Abstract

In this study, ellagic acid (ELA), a skin anticancer drug, is capped on the surface(s) of functionalised graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets through electrostatic and π-π staking interactions. The prepared ELA-GO nanocomposite have been thoroughly characterised by using eight techniques: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic imaging, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, ELA drug loading and release behaviours from ELA-GO nanocomposite were studied. The ELA-GO nanocomposite has a uniform size distribution averaging 88 nm and high drug loading capacity of 30 wt.%. The in vitro drug release behaviour of ELA from the nanocomposite was investigated by UV-Vis spectrometry at a wavelength of λmax 257 nm. The data confirmed prolonged ELA release over 5000 min at physiological pH (7.4). Finally, the IC50 of this ELA-GO nanocomposite was found to be 6.16 µg/ml against B16 cell line; ELA and GO did not show any cytotoxic effects up to 50 µg/ml on the same cell lines.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the Gr (a), graphene oxide (GO) (b), ellagic acid (ELA)‐graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (c) and ELA drug (d)
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the ellagic acid (ELA) (a), graphene oxide (GO) (b), and ELA‐GO nanocomposite (c)
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The interaction between ellagic acid (ELA) and graphene oxide (GO) in the ELA‐GO nanocomposite
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Zeta potential measurements of graphene oxide GO (a) and ellagic acid (ELA)‐GO nanocomposite (b)
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Transmission electron microscope images of graphene oxide (GO) (a), and ellagic acid (ELA)‐GO nanocomposite (b)
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
SEM images of graphene oxide (GO) (a), and ellagic acid (ELA)‐graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (b)
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
hermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves are shown for ellagic acid (ELA), graphene oxide (GO), and ELA‐GO nanocomposite
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Raman spectra of graphene oxide (GO) (a), and ellagic acid (ELA)‐GO nanocomposite (b)
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
AFM images of GO (a) and ELA‐GO nanocomposite (b)
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
In vitro study of ellagic acid (ELA)‐gaphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite
FIGURE 11
FIGURE 11
llagic acid (ELA) release from ELA‐graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite data fitting
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 12
The cytotoxicity profiles for the ellagic acid (ELA), graphene (GO) and ELA‐GO nanocomposite after treatment of 3T3 cells (a) and B16 cells (b)
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