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. 2021 Oct 5;26(19):6036.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26196036.

Enhanced Oxytetracycline Production by Streptomyces rimosus in Submerged Co-Cultures with Streptomyces noursei

Tomasz Boruta  1 , Anna Ścigaczewska  1
Affiliations

Enhanced Oxytetracycline Production by Streptomyces rimosus in Submerged Co-Cultures with Streptomyces noursei

Tomasz Boruta et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

In the present study, Streptomyces rimosus was confronted with Streptomyces noursei, Penicillium rubens, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, or Mucor racemosus in two-species submerged co-cultures in shake flasks with the goal of evaluating the oxytetracycline production and morphological development. The co-culture of S. rimosus with S. noursei exhibited stimulation in oxytetracycline biosynthesis compared with the S. rimosus monoculture, whereas the presence of M. racemosus resulted in a delay in antibiotic production. Different strategies of initiating the "S. rimosus + S. noursei" co-cultures were tested. The improvement in terms of oxytetracycline titers was recorded in the cases where S. noursei was co-inoculated with S. rimosus in the form of spores. As the observed morphological changes were not unique to the co-culture involving S. noursei, there was no evidence that the improvement of oxytetracycline levels could be attributed mainly to morphology-related characteristics.

Keywords: Streptomyces noursei; Streptomyces rimosus; co-culture; oxytetracycline; rimocidin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The values of oxytetracycline concentration (a), pH (b), glucose concentration (c), peak area corresponding to rimocidin (d), and desferrioxamine E (e) after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of submerged co-cultivation of S. rimosus with S. noursei, A. niger, P. rubens, M. racemosus, or C. globosum in shake flasks. The inoculation with the use of spores was performed in all presented cases. The results are given as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). The two-sample t-test was performed to indicate whether the results obtained for the co-cultures differed significantly from the ones recorded for the S. rimosus monoculture controls. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001, ns—not significant. The peak areas are given in auxiliary units.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The values of oxytetracycline concentration (a), pH (b), glucose concentration (c), peak area corresponding to rimocidin (d) and desferrioxamine E (e) after 60 h of submerged co-cultivation of S. rimosus with S. noursei in shake flasks. Several inoculation approaches were tested. The results are given as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). The two-sample t-test was performed to indicate whether the results obtained for the co-cultures differed significantly from the ones recorded for the S. rimosus monoculture controls. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001, n—not significant. The peak areas are given in auxiliary units.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Microscopic images (a), projected area (b), roughness (c), elongation, (d) and morphology number (e) after 60 h of submerged co-cultivation of S. rimosus with S. noursei in shake flasks. Several inoculation approaches were tested. The results are given as mean ± SD with the average number of analyzed objects (n) equal to 100. The two-sample t-test was performed to indicate whether the results obtained for the co-cultures differed significantly from the ones recorded for the S. rimosus monoculture controls. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, **** p ≤ 0.0001, ns—not significant, SR—S. rimosus, SN—S. noursei.
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