Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants

doi:10.3390/plants10091889

Review

. 2021 Sep 13;10(9):1889.

doi: 10.3390/plants10091889.

Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants

Min-Rui Wang^{1

2}, Wenlu Bi³, Mukund R Shukla³, Li Ren⁴, Zhibo Hamborg⁵, Dag-Ragnar Blystad⁵, Praveen K Saxena³, Qiao-Chun Wang²

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China.
³ Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
⁴ Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
⁵ Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway.

PMID: 34579422
PMCID: PMC8467502
DOI: 10.3390/plants10091889

Review

Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants

Min-Rui Wang et al. Plants (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 Sep 13;10(9):1889.

doi: 10.3390/plants10091889.

Authors

Min-Rui Wang^{1

2}, Wenlu Bi³, Mukund R Shukla³, Li Ren⁴, Zhibo Hamborg⁵, Dag-Ragnar Blystad⁵, Praveen K Saxena³, Qiao-Chun Wang²

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China.
³ Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
⁴ Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
⁵ Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway.

PMID: 34579422
PMCID: PMC8467502
DOI: 10.3390/plants10091889

Abstract

Cryopreservation is considered an ideal strategy for the long-term preservation of plant genetic resources. Significant progress was achieved over the past several decades, resulting in the successful cryopreservation of the genetic resources of diverse plant species. Cryopreservation procedures often employ in vitro culture techniques and require the precise control of several steps, such as the excision of explants, preculture, osmo- and cryoprotection, dehydration, freeze-thaw cycle, unloading, and post-culture for the recovery of plants. These processes create a stressful environment and cause reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, which is detrimental to the growth and regeneration of tissues and plants from cryopreserved tissues. ROS-induced oxidative stresses were documented to induce (epi)genetic and somatic variations. Therefore, the development of true-to-type regenerants of the source germplasm is of primary concern in the application of plant cryopreservation technology. The present article provides a comprehensive assessment of epigenetic and genetic integrity, metabolic stability, and field performance of cryopreserved plants developed in the past decade. Potential areas and the directions of future research in plant cryopreservation are also proposed.

Keywords: (epi)genetic integrity; cryopreservation; field performance; metabolic stability; reactive oxygen species; shoot tips; tissue culture.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

**Figure 1**
General cryopreservation procedures (black arrows), post-culture for recovery and re-establishment of plants in vivo (blue arrows), assessments of (epi)genetic stability and evaluations of field performance in cryo-derived regenerants/plants (red arrows), and measures taken to ensure (epi)genetic stability and true-to-type regenerants/plants recovered after cryopreservation (green arrows). DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; LN, liquid nitrogen; PGRs, plant growth regulators.

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References

1. Sakai A. Survival of plant tissue of super-low temperature. Contrib. Inst. Temp. Sci. Haikkaido Univ. Ser. B. 1956;14:17.
1. Sakai A. Survival of the twigs of woody plants at −196 °C. Nature. 1960;185:392–394. doi: 10.1038/185393a0. - DOI
1. Bettoni J.C., Bonnart R., Volk G.M. Challenges in implementing plant shoot tip cryopreservation technologies. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2021;144:21–34. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01846-x. - DOI
1. Pence V.C., Ballesteros D., Walters C., Reed B.M., Philpott M., Dixon K.W., Pritchard H.W., Culley T.M., Vanhove A.-C. Cryobiotechnologies: Tools for expanding long-term ex situ conservation to all plant species. Biol. Conserv. 2020;250:108736. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108736. - DOI
1. Tanner J.D., Chen K.Y., Bonnart R.M., Minas I.S., Volk G.M. Considerations for large-scale implementation of dormant budwood cryopreservation. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2021;144:35–48. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01884-5. - DOI

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[1] Sakai A. Survival of plant tissue of super-low temperature. Contrib. Inst. Temp. Sci. Haikkaido Univ. Ser. B. 1956;14:17.

[2] Sakai A. Survival of plant tissue of super-low temperature. Contrib. Inst. Temp. Sci. Haikkaido Univ. Ser. B. 1956;14:17.

[3] Sakai A. Survival of the twigs of woody plants at −196 °C. Nature. 1960;185:392–394. doi: 10.1038/185393a0. - DOI

[4] Sakai A. Survival of the twigs of woody plants at −196 °C. Nature. 1960;185:392–394. doi: 10.1038/185393a0. - DOI

[5] Bettoni J.C., Bonnart R., Volk G.M. Challenges in implementing plant shoot tip cryopreservation technologies. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2021;144:21–34. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01846-x. - DOI

[6] Bettoni J.C., Bonnart R., Volk G.M. Challenges in implementing plant shoot tip cryopreservation technologies. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2021;144:21–34. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01846-x. - DOI

[7] Pence V.C., Ballesteros D., Walters C., Reed B.M., Philpott M., Dixon K.W., Pritchard H.W., Culley T.M., Vanhove A.-C. Cryobiotechnologies: Tools for expanding long-term ex situ conservation to all plant species. Biol. Conserv. 2020;250:108736. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108736. - DOI

[8] Pence V.C., Ballesteros D., Walters C., Reed B.M., Philpott M., Dixon K.W., Pritchard H.W., Culley T.M., Vanhove A.-C. Cryobiotechnologies: Tools for expanding long-term ex situ conservation to all plant species. Biol. Conserv. 2020;250:108736. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108736. - DOI

[9] Tanner J.D., Chen K.Y., Bonnart R.M., Minas I.S., Volk G.M. Considerations for large-scale implementation of dormant budwood cryopreservation. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2021;144:35–48. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01884-5. - DOI

[10] Tanner J.D., Chen K.Y., Bonnart R.M., Minas I.S., Volk G.M. Considerations for large-scale implementation of dormant budwood cryopreservation. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 2021;144:35–48. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01884-5. - DOI

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Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants

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Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants

Authors

Affiliations

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Conflict of interest statement

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