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Review
. 2021 Aug 27;9(9):958.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines9090958.

Interests of the Non-Human Primate Models for HIV Cure Research

Gauthier Terrade  1   2 , Nicolas Huot  1 , Caroline Petitdemange  1 , Marie Lazzerini  1 , Aurelio Orta Resendiz  1   2 , Beatrice Jacquelin  1 , Michaela Müller-Trutwin  1
Affiliations
Review

Interests of the Non-Human Primate Models for HIV Cure Research

Gauthier Terrade et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Non-human primate (NHP) models are important for vaccine development and also contribute to HIV cure research. Although none of the animal models are perfect, NHPs enable the exploration of important questions about tissue viral reservoirs and the development of intervention strategies. In this review, we describe recent advances in the use of these models for HIV cure research and highlight the progress that has been made as well as limitations using these models. The main NHP models used are (i) the macaque, in which simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) infection displays similar replication profiles as to HIV in humans, and (ii) the macaque infected by a recombinant virus (SHIV) consisting of SIVmac expressing the HIV envelope gene serving for studies analyzing the impact of anti-HIV Env broadly neutralizing antibodies. Lessons for HIV cure that can be learned from studying the natural host of SIV are also presented here. An overview of the most promising and less well explored HIV cure strategies tested in NHP models will be given.

Keywords: HIV; SIV; animal model; cure; immunity; natural host; non-human primate; therapies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interests and prerogatives of Non-Human Primates (NHP) models for HIV science. NHP models can be designed according to the question addressed, choosing primates from different species or origins that can be infected with different viruses. NHP models provide a means to study samples and tissues that are challenging to obtain and study in humans, as well as the possibility to access baseline values of the studied parameters and to study the earliest stages of infection after inoculation. Distinct times and routes of administration can be tested and analytical treatment interruptions (ATI) can be easily performed and monitored.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Main models of SIV infection in non-human primates studied in HIV research. This figure provides a non-exhaustive overview of non-human primates most often studied as models in HIV research. The principal features of each non-human species/viral strain are indicated. The viral load and other pathophysiological features vary depending on various parameters such as host species and genetic background, age, viral species or strain, laboratory, and sampling techniques, to mention just a few.
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