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Review
. 2021 Sep 15;14(18):5318.
doi: 10.3390/ma14185318.

Dendrimeric Structures in the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals

Bruno Mattia Bizzarri  1 , Angelica Fanelli  1 , Lorenzo Botta  1 , Claudio Zippilli  1 , Silvia Cesarini  1 , Raffaele Saladino  1
Affiliations
Review

Dendrimeric Structures in the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals

Bruno Mattia Bizzarri et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Dendrimers are highly branched structures with a defined shape, dimension, and molecular weight. They consist of three major components: the central core, branches, and terminal groups. In recent years, dendrimers have received great attention in medicinal chemistry, diagnostic field, science of materials, electrochemistry, and catalysis. In addition, they are largely applied for the functionalization of biocompatible semiconductors, in gene transfection processes, as well as in the preparation of nano-devices, including heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we describe recent advances in the design and application of dendrimers in catalytic organic and inorganic processes, sustainable and low environmental impact, photosensitive materials, nano-delivery systems, and antiviral agents' dendrimers.

Keywords: PAMAM; anti-virals; dendrimers; heterogenous catalysis; materials; nano-devices.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic representation of the synthesis of photochromic dendrimers.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Biodegradable dendrimer matrix 4.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gallic acid, supported on the polymer matrix 4 (grey core).
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Synthesis of Azithromycin conjugated with G4 PAMAM dendrimers.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3
Synthesis of paclitaxel/PAMAM dendrimer bearing lauryl acid side-chains.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structure of PAMAM G4 dendrimer platforms as a carrier of 5-fluorouracil.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structure of fluorescent perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide chromophore core as a nano-device for pesticides.
Scheme 4
Scheme 4
Schematic representation of G3-Gu-Pd catalyst and its application in the Mizoroki–Heck and the copper-free Sonogashira reaction of aryl halide 1 and 4 with alkene 2 and acetylene derivatives 5, respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic representation of second-generation silica supported phosphine–palladium terminated PAMAM dendrimers.
Scheme 5
Scheme 5
Application of DAB(NH2)16*Pd0@BP1 catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of isoprene.
Scheme 6
Scheme 6
Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on nSTDP dendrimers in the C-S coupling reaction.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic representation of the Fe3O4/SiO2/PNPEDA G3-COOH nanomaterial.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structure of the catalyst porphyrin cored poly(amidoamine) (G1 POR-PAMAM) dendrimers.
Scheme 7
Scheme 7
(A) Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine by Hantzsch pyridine synthesis (B) Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione derivatives by Biginelli reaction.
Scheme 8
Scheme 8
Multicomponent synthesis of bis-imidaziole derivatives starting from 1,2-diketones, aromatic aldehydes, bis(3-aminopropyl)amine with aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate.
Scheme 9
Scheme 9
One pot synthesis of 4- aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles starting from aldehyde, nitromethane and sodium azide.
Scheme 10
Scheme 10
Synthesis and structure of the functionalized PAMAM Dendrimer endowed with Strong Ionic Brønsted Acid properties.
Scheme 11
Scheme 11
Synthesis of 1,1-diacetyl from aldehydes and acetic anhydride at room temperature and under solvent-free conditions, and deprotection of the diacetyl product to afford the corresponding aldehydes.
Scheme 12
Scheme 12
Synthesis of linear polymeric catalyst.
Scheme 13
Scheme 13
Synthesis of 2nd generation PAMAM catalysts.
Scheme 14
Scheme 14
Schematic representation for MTO/H2O2 epoxidation of olefines.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cell-PAMAM competition for the hemagglutinin site of the virus.
Figure 9
Figure 9
G2 (left) and G3 (right) poly-anionic carbosilane dendrimers.
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