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Review
. 2021 Sep 8;22(18):9701.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22189701.

Characterization and Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Platelets

Timea Spakova  1 , Jana Janockova  1 , Jan Rosocha  1
Affiliations
Review

Characterization and Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Platelets

Timea Spakova et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are gaining increasing interest in different fields of regenerative medicine. Although growth factors, the main components of PRP, are thought to stimulate reparation processes, the exact mechanism of action and main effectors of PRP are not fully understood. Plasma contains a high amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells, including anucleated platelets. Platelet-derived EVs (PL-EVs) are the most abundant type of EVs in circulation. Numerous advantages of PL-EVs, including their ability to be released locally, their ease of travel through the body, their low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity, the modulation of signal transduction as well as the ease with which they can be obtained, has attracted increased attention n. This review focuses briefly on the biological characteristics and isolation methods of PL-EVs, including exosomes derived from platelets (PL-EXOs), and their involvement in the pathology of diseases. Evidence that shows how PL-EVs can be used as a novel tool in medicine, particularly in therapeutic and regenerative medicine, is also discussed in this review.

Keywords: platelet; platelet-derived exosomes; platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; platelet-rich plasma; therapeutic application.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of PRP preparation by three-step centrifugation method developed in our laboratory. (Created with BioRender.com). Abbreviations: RBC, red blood cells; PPP, platelet-poor plasma; PRP, platelet-rich plasma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Activation process of anucleated platelets in the blood and release of multiple EVs as a result of morphological and functional changes. (Created with BioRender.com).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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