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Review
. 2021 Aug 17:12:720025.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720025. eCollection 2021.

Hallmarks of Cancers: Primary Antibody Deficiency Versus Other Inborn Errors of Immunity

Hassan Abolhassani  1   2   3 , Yating Wang  1 , Lennart Hammarström  1   2 , Qiang Pan-Hammarström  1
Affiliations
Review

Hallmarks of Cancers: Primary Antibody Deficiency Versus Other Inborn Errors of Immunity

Hassan Abolhassani et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) comprise more than 450 inherited diseases, from which selected patients manifest a frequent and early incidence of malignancies, mainly lymphoma and leukemia. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common form of IEI with the highest proportion of malignant cases. In this review, we aimed to compare the oncologic hallmarks and the molecular defects underlying PAD with other IEI entities to dissect the impact of avoiding immune destruction, genome instability, and mutation, enabling replicative immortality, tumor-promoting inflammation, resisting cell death, sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, deregulating cellular energetics, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis in these groups of patients. Moreover, some of the most promising approaches that could be clinically tested in both PAD and IEI patients were discussed.

Keywords: chronic inflammation; genome instability; hallmarks of cancer; immune dysregulation; inborn errors of immunity; predominantly antibody deficiency; primary immunodeficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cancer hallmark activation in different types of monogenic inborn errors of immunity (IEI) according to the International Union of Immunological Societies classification (1, 3).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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