Candidiasis in patients with APS-1: low IL-17, high IFN-γ, or both?
- PMID: 34455138
- PMCID: PMC9359210
- DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.08.001
Candidiasis in patients with APS-1: low IL-17, high IFN-γ, or both?
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is one of the earliest and most frequent clinical manifestations of autosomal recessive autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), a monogenic inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious variants of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. APS-1 patients suffer from various autoimmune diseases, due to the defective thymic deletion of autoreactive T cells, and the development of a large range of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against various tissue antigens, and some cytokines. The mechanisms underlying CMC remained elusive for many years, until the description in 2010 of high serum titers of neutralizing auto-Abs against IL-17A, IL-17F, and/or IL-22, which are present in almost all APS-1 patients. Excessively high mucosal concentrations of IFN-γ were recently proposed as an alternative mechanism for CMC in APS-1.
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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