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Review
. 2021 Dec;35(6):1253-1267.
doi: 10.1007/s10557-021-07216-9. Epub 2021 Jul 17.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Vascular Biology: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Lei Xiao  1 , Xin Nie  2 , Yanyan Cheng  2 , Nanping Wang  3
Affiliations
Review

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Vascular Biology: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Lei Xiao et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new antidiabetic drugs that reduce hyperglycemia by inhibiting the glucose reabsorption in renal proximal tubules. Clinical studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors not only improve glycemic control but also reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, cardiovascular and total mortality, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and improve outcome in chronic kidney disease. These cardiovascular and renal benefits have now been confirmed in both diabetes and non-diabetes patients. The precise mechanism(s) responsible for the protective effects are under intensive investigation. This review examines current evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a special emphasis on the vascular actions and their potential mechanisms.

Keywords: Mechanisms; Pharmacology; Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vascular biology.

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