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Review
. 2021 Jun 19;12(1):357.
doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02446-y.

The effects and potential applications of concentrated growth factor in dentin-pulp complex regeneration

Zixia Li  1 , Liu Liu  1 , Liu Wang  1 , Dongzhe Song  2
Affiliations
Review

The effects and potential applications of concentrated growth factor in dentin-pulp complex regeneration

Zixia Li et al. Stem Cell Res Ther. .

Abstract

The dentin-pulp complex is essential for the long-term integrity and viability of teeth but it is susceptible to damage caused by external factors. Because traditional approaches for preserving the dentin-pulp complex have various limitations, there is a need for novel methods for dentin-pulp complex reconstruction. The development of stem cell-based tissue engineering has given rise to the possibility of combining dental stem cells with a tissue-reparative microenvironment to promote dentin-pulp complex regeneration. Concentrated growth factor, a platelet concentrate, is a promising scaffold for the treatment of dentin-pulp complex disorders. Given its characteristics of autogenesis, convenience, usability, and biodegradability, concentrated growth factor has gained popularity in medical and dental fields for repairing bone defects and promoting soft-tissue healing. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that concentrated growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of dental stem cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the effects of concentrated growth factor on stem cells and its potential applications in dentin-pulp complex regeneration.

Keywords: Concentrated growth factor; Dentin–pulp complex; Regenerative endodontic treatment; Stem cell.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The histological and morphological observation of the CGF. a The blood samples after centrifugation yield a three-layer product consisting of the upper plaletet poor plasma(PPP) and lower red blood cell (RBC) layers with concentrated growth factor (CGF) gel in the middle. b The concentrated growth factor (CGF) gel is divided into 3 parts: the upper white part (WP) and lower red portions (RP) with the buffy coat (BC) in the middle. c The ultrastructure of the CGF (scanning electron microscopy observation): numerous cellular components including platelets, red blood cells leucocytes, and CD34-positive cells are embedded in the three-dimensional network
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effects of CGF on SCs in DPC regeneration. The left part shows that CGF can regulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in stem cells by inhibiting the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α but not IL-6. The right part shows that CGF can promote the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
CGF used as root canal filling material in regenerative endodontic treatment. a An immature tooth with necrotic pulp. b Removal of decay lesion and necrotic pulp tissue. c CGF packed into the canals to the level of the cementoenamel junction and covered with and restored with composite resin. d After 12 months, pulp-like tissue formatted, root apex closure, and the thickness of the dentin increased
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
CGF used as pulp capping materials in vital pulp therapy. a A tooth with deep caries. b Removal of decay lesion and damaged coronal pulp tissue, and cavity preparation. c CGF placed on the remaining healthy radicular pulp tissue surface and covered with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and restored with composite resin. d Reparative dentin formatted and preservation of the pulp health and vitality
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