Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Jul;14(7):954-959.
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.007. Epub 2021 May 26.

The immunological response among COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abdulaziz S Almutairi  1 , Hassan Abunurah  2 , Abdulkarim Hadi Alanazi  3 , Faraj Alenazi  4 , Hassan Nagy  5 , Nafea Saad Almutairi  6 , Michael Wells  7 , Abdullah Alawam  8 , Mohammed M Alqahtani  9
Affiliations
Review

The immunological response among COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abdulaziz S Almutairi et al. J Infect Public Health. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often results in pneumonia and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is one of the most significant causes of death in patients with COVID-19. The development of a "cytokine storm" in patients with COVID-19 causes progression to ARDS. In this scoping review, we investigated the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inducing moderate and severe ARDS outcomes. A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to implement a broad query that captured all the relevant studies published between December 2019 and September 2020.We identified seven studies that evaluated the immune response in COVID-19 patients with ARDS. The white blood cell counts (WBCs), CRP, and IL-6 were higher in the moderately presenting ARDS patients, critically ill patients, and those with more severe ARDS. This study may contribute to better patient management and outcomes if tailored immune marker interventions are implemented in the near future.

Keywords: ARDS; COVID-19; Immunological response; cytokines.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram of the selection process and the study search results. From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ncfh S. CDC; 2020. Weekly updates by select demographic and geographic characteristics. Provisional death counts for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
    1. Gibson P.G., Qin L., Puah S.H. COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): clinical features and differences from typical pre-COVID-19 ARDS. Med J Aust. 2020;213(2):54–56.e51. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Woolf S.H., Chapman D.A., Sabo R.T., Weinberger D.M., Hill L. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, March–April 2020. Jama. 2020;324(5):510–513. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wu C., Chen X., Cai Y., Zhou X., Xu S., Huang H., et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934–943. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fan E., Beitler J.R., Brochard L., Calfee C.S., Ferguson N.D., Slutsky A.S., et al. COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: is a different approach to management warranted? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(8):816–821. - PMC - PubMed