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Review
. 2022 Apr;91(5):1196-1202.
doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01585-5. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Diagnosis of COVID-19 in children guided by lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2

Marco Roversi  1 , Umberto Raucci  2 , Giuseppe Pontrelli  3 , Stefania Ranno  4 , Michela Ambrosi  5 , Antonio Torelli  5 , Mara Pisani  2 , Luana Coltella  4 , Livia Piccioni  4 , Luna Colagrossi  4 , Marilena Agosta  4 , Barbara Scialanga  2 , Antonino Reale  2 , Carlo Federico Perno  4 , Paolo Rossi  5 , Alberto Villani  2
Affiliations
Review

Diagnosis of COVID-19 in children guided by lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2

Marco Roversi et al. Pediatr Res. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study is to test how certain signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 in children predict the positivity or negativity of the SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab in children.

Methods: We review the data of children who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 for a suspected infection. We compared the clinical characteristics of the subjects who tested positive and negative, including the sensibility, positive and negative predictive value of different combination of signs and symptoms.

Results: Of all the suspected infected, 2596 tested negative (96.2%) and 103 tested positive (3.8%). The median age was 7.0 and 5.3 years for the positive and negative ones, respectively. The female to male ratio was ~1:1.3. Fever and respiratory symptoms were mostly reported. Most positive children had a prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects (59.2%). A total of 99.3% of patients without fever nor exposure to the virus proved negative to the SARS-CoV-2 test.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that a child without fever or contact with infected subjects is SARS-CoV-2 negative. If this were to be confirmed, many resources would be spared, with improved care of both COVID-19 and not COVID-19-affected children.

Impact: Key message: lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected people highly predicts a negative results of the SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab in the paediatric population. Added value to the current literature: this is the first article to prove this point.

Impact: reduction of emergency department accesses of children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection; increased outpatient management of children with cough or other common respiratory symptoms of infancy; sparing of many human and material health resources.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Study flow diagram.
Of 2940 children tested for SARS-CoV-2, 2699 were tested for a clinical suspicion of Covid-19 (group A) and 241 were tested for a “clean” admission to the ward (group B). In group A, 2596 positive and 103 negative children underwent a comparative analysis. In group B, 236 negative cases were excluded from the study and 4 positive cases were descripted separetely.
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