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. 2021 Jun 2;11(1):11610.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91031-7.

Preparation of serum capped silver nanoparticles for selective killing of microbial cells sparing host cells

Rehana Parveen #  1 , Prasanta Kumar Maiti #  2 , Nabendu Murmu  3 , Alokmay Datta  4
Affiliations

Preparation of serum capped silver nanoparticles for selective killing of microbial cells sparing host cells

Rehana Parveen et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Following access into the cell, colloidal silver nanoparticles exhibit generalized cytotoxic properties, thus appear as omnipotent microbicidal, but not suitable for systemic use unless are free of toxic effects on host cells. The AgNP-Serum-18 when prepared from silver nitrate, using dextrose as reducing and group-matched homologous serum as a stabilizing agent, selective endocytosis, and oxidative stress-dependent bio-functional damages to the host are mostly eliminated. For their bio-mimicking outer coat, there is the least possibility of internalization into host cells or liberation of excess oxidants in circulation following interaction with erythrocytes or vascular endothelial cells. The presence of infection-specific antibodies in the serum can make such nano-conjugates more selective. A potent antimicrobial action and a wide margin of safety for mammalian cells in comparison with very similar PVA-capped silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated by the in-vitro challenge of such nanoparticles on different microbes, human liver cell-line, and in-vivo study on mice model. This may open up wide-range therapeutic prospects of colloidal nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

Applied for Patent in India by PK Maiti; Application no. 201831002809, Date of publication 16/02/2018.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Physical characterization of AgNP-Serum-18. (A) UV–Vis absorption spectra of AgNP-Serum-18 from 200–800 nm; inset: high concentration (tenfold). (B) Cluster size obtained from DLS measurements of freshly prepared samples; inset: after 2 month. (C) Zeta potential of AgNP-Serum-18 of freshly prepared samples; inset: after 2 month. (D) TEM image.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Physical characterization of AgNP-PVA-13. (A) UV–Vis absorption spectra of AgNP-PVA-13. (B) Cluster size obtained from DLS measurements. (C) Zeta potential of AgNP-PVA-13. (D) TEM image.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Added anti-microbial action of silver by shifting MIC (log2 MIC dilution factors 2, 4, 8, …256, 512-fold) of AgNPs and AgNO3 containing 107 μg silver/mL in undiluted form taken as 0 for Y axis and test organisms at X axis). Data are expressed as means ± SD. There was significant difference between the AgNP-Serum18 and Ionic silver groups (P < 0.0001).
Figure 4
Figure 4
MTT Assay. (A) Normal liver cell line (WRL-68) with AgNP-Serum-18 and with ionic silver at equivalent concentrations as a control. (B) Normal liver cell line (WRL-68) with AgNP-PVA-13. Data are expressed as means ± SD. There was significant difference between the treated and control groups (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).
Figure 5
Figure 5
CFU assay. (A) Image of a normal human liver cell line (control); (B) cell line with the treatment of AgNPs-Serum-18 at 100 µg/mL silver equivalent concentration; (C) cell line with the treatment of AgNPs at 200 µg/mL silver equivalent concentration; (D) cell line with the treatment of AgNPs at 500 µg/mL silver equivalent concentration; (E) percentage inhibition of colony number on normal human liver cell line after treatment of AgNP-Serum-18 at various concentrations; (F) percentage inhibition of colony number on normal human liver cell line after treatment of AgNP-PVA-13 at various concentrations as a control; (G) percentage inhibition of colony number on normal human liver cell line after treatment of ionic silver at equivalent concentrations of AgNP-Serum-18 as a control. Data are expressed as means ± SD. There was significant difference between the treated and control groups (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained liver, brain and kidney section from mice in different groups. (A) Liver section of mice in the control group showing normal histology and hepatocytes arranged in the hepatic cords. (B) Liver sections of mice in the group that received 3570 µg/kg AgNP-Serum-18 (I.V), showing: normal histology. (C) Liver of mice in the group that received 357 µg/kg AgNP-PVA-13 showing hepatocellular vacuolation and focal area of haemorrhage in the hepatic parenchyma. (D) Liver sections of mice in the group that received 3570 µg/kg ionic silver as a control (IV), showing: normal histology. (E) Brain section of mice in the control group showing normal histology. (F) Brain sections of mice in the group that received 3570 µg/kg AgNP-Serum-18 (I.V), showing: normal histology. (G) Brain of mice in the group that received 357 µg/kg AgNP-PVA-13 showing signs of early neuronal injury, focal inflammatory cellular infiltration and vascular congestion. (H) Brain sections of mice in the group that received 3570 µg/kg ionic silver as a control (I.V), showing: normal histology. (I) Kidney section of mice in the control group showing normal glomerulus. (J) Kidney section of mice in the AgNP-Serum-18 group showing no necrosis. (K) Kidney section of mice in the AgNP-PVA-13 group showing necrosis found in kidney tubules. (L) Kidney section of mice in the ionic silver as a control showing no necrosis.
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