Emerging role of human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 in human cancers

doi:10.1186/s13027-021-00374-3

Review

. 2021 May 17;16(1):35.

doi: 10.1186/s13027-021-00374-3.

Emerging role of human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 in human cancers

Faisal Klufah^{1

2}, Ghalib Mobaraki^#^{1

3}, Dan Liu^#^{1

4}, Raed A Alharbi², Anna Kordelia Kurz⁵, Ernst Jan M Speel¹, Véronique Winnepenninckx¹, Axel Zur Hausen⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
² Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine IV, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
⁶ Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. axel.zurhausen@mumc.nl.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 34001216
PMCID: PMC8130262
DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00374-3

Review

Emerging role of human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 in human cancers

Faisal Klufah et al. Infect Agent Cancer. 2021.

. 2021 May 17;16(1):35.

doi: 10.1186/s13027-021-00374-3.

Authors

Faisal Klufah^{1

2}, Ghalib Mobaraki^#^{1

3}, Dan Liu^#^{1

4}, Raed A Alharbi², Anna Kordelia Kurz⁵, Ernst Jan M Speel¹, Véronique Winnepenninckx¹, Axel Zur Hausen⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
² Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine IV, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
⁶ Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. axel.zurhausen@mumc.nl.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 34001216
PMCID: PMC8130262
DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00374-3

Abstract

Background: Currently 12 human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) have been identified, 6 of which have been associated with human diseases, including cancer. The discovery of the Merkel cell polyomavirus and its role in the etiopathogenesis in the majority of Merkel cell carcinomas has drawn significant attention, also to other novel HPyVs. In 2010, HPyV6 and HPyV7 were identified in healthy skin swabs. Ever since it has been speculated that they might contribute to the etiopathogenesis of skin and non-cutaneous human cancers.

Main body: Here we comprehensively reviewed and summarized the current evidence potentially indicating an involvement of HPyV6 and HPyV7 in the etiopathogenesis of neoplastic human diseases. The seroprevalence of both HPyV6 and 7 is high in a normal population and increases with age. In skin cancer tissues, HPyV6- DNA was far more often prevalent than HPyV7 in contrast to cancers of other anatomic sites, in which HPyV7 DNA was more frequently detected.

Conclusion: It is remarkable to find that the detection rate of HPyV6-DNA in tissues of skin malignancies is higher than HPyV7-DNA and may indicate a role of HPyV6 in the etiopathogenesis of the respected skin cancers. However, the sheer presence of viral DNA is not enough to prove a role in the etiopathogenesis of these cancers.

Keywords: Cutaneous tumors; HPyV6; HPyV7; Merkel cell polyomavirus; Oncogenic viruses; Tumor virus; Viral persistence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Summarizing age-specific seroprevalence overall positivity of HPyV6 and HPyV7 using ELISA or Luminex platform-based methods to analyze antibodies against virus-like particles and/or glutathione-S-transferase consisting HPyV6 and 7 viral protein

**Fig. 2**
Representing a summary of the prevalence of HPyV6-DNA (a) and HPyV7-DNA (b) in tissues of cutaneous malignancies. AK, actinic keratosis; BCC, basal cell carcinoma; CTCLs, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; KA, keratoacanthoma; MCC, Merkel cell carcinoma; MM, malignant melanoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; TB, trichoblastoma; VK, verrucous keratosis

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References

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1. Small JA, Khoury G, Jay G, Howley PM, Scangos GA. Early regions of JC virus and BK virus induce distinct and tissue-specific tumors in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83(21):8288–8292. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8288. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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[1] Johne R, Buck CB, Allander T, Atwood WJ, Garcea RL, Imperiale MJ, Major EO, Ramqvist T, Norkin LC. Taxonomical developments in the family Polyomaviridae. Arch Virol. 2011;156(9):1627–1634. doi: 10.1007/s00705-011-1008-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Johne R, Buck CB, Allander T, Atwood WJ, Garcea RL, Imperiale MJ, Major EO, Ramqvist T, Norkin LC. Taxonomical developments in the family Polyomaviridae. Arch Virol. 2011;156(9):1627–1634. doi: 10.1007/s00705-011-1008-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Johne R, Müller H. Polyomaviruses of birds: etiologic agents of inflammatory diseases in a tumor virus family. J Virol. 2007;81(21):11554–11559. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01178-07. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Johne R, Müller H. Polyomaviruses of birds: etiologic agents of inflammatory diseases in a tumor virus family. J Virol. 2007;81(21):11554–11559. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01178-07. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] DeCaprio JA, Garcea RL. A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013;11(4):264–276. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2992. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] DeCaprio JA, Garcea RL. A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013;11(4):264–276. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2992. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Small JA, Khoury G, Jay G, Howley PM, Scangos GA. Early regions of JC virus and BK virus induce distinct and tissue-specific tumors in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83(21):8288–8292. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8288. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Small JA, Khoury G, Jay G, Howley PM, Scangos GA. Early regions of JC virus and BK virus induce distinct and tissue-specific tumors in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83(21):8288–8292. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8288. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Dalrymple SA, Beemon KL. BK virus T antigens induce kidney carcinomas and thymoproliferative disorders in transgenic mice. J Virol. 1990;64(3):1182–1191. doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.3.1182-1191.1990. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Dalrymple SA, Beemon KL. BK virus T antigens induce kidney carcinomas and thymoproliferative disorders in transgenic mice. J Virol. 1990;64(3):1182–1191. doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.3.1182-1191.1990. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Emerging role of human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 in human cancers

Affiliations

Emerging role of human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 in human cancers

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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