Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 30:12:544002.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.544002. eCollection 2021.

Comparative Analysis of Compatibility Influence on Invigorating Blood Circulation for Combined Use of Panax Notoginseng Saponins and Aspirin Using Metabolomics Approach

Zongxi Sun  1   2   3 , Huichao Wu  1 , Yali Wu  1   4 , Chenglong Wang  2 , Yu Wang  1 , Shaonan Hu  1 , Shouying Du  1
Affiliations

Comparative Analysis of Compatibility Influence on Invigorating Blood Circulation for Combined Use of Panax Notoginseng Saponins and Aspirin Using Metabolomics Approach

Zongxi Sun et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

The combined use of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS)-based drugs and aspirin (ASA) to combat vascular diseases has achieved good clinical results. In this study, the superior efficacy was observed via the combined use of PNS and ASA on acute blood stasis rats, and untargeted metabolomics was performed to holistically investigate the therapeutic effects of coupling application and its regulatory mechanisms. The combined use of PNS and ASA exhibited better improvement effects when reducing the evaluated hemorheological indicators (whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, platelet aggregation, and fibrinogen content) in the blood stasis rats vs. single use of PNS or ASA at the same dose. The combined use of both drugs was the most effective application method, as shown by the relative distance in partial least-squares discriminant analysis score plots. Twelve metabolites associated with blood stasis were screened as potential biomarkers and were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism. After coherently treated with PNS and ASA, the altered metabolites could be partially adjusted to be closer to normal levels than single use. The collective results revealed that PNS could cooperate with ASA to treat blood stasis and provided a scientific explanation for the superior efficacy of their combined use.

Keywords: Panax notoginseng saponins; aspirin; blood stasis; herb-drug interactions; metabolomics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Chemical structures of notoginsenoside R1 (A) and ginsenoside Rg1 (B), Re (C), Rb1 (D), Rd (E), and aspirin (F).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Effects of combined use of PNS and ASA on whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in rats with acute blood stasis. (A–D) The whole blood viscosity was measured at the shear rates of 200 s−1, 30 s−1, 5 s−1, and 1 s−1 in order; (E) The plasma viscosity of each tested group. Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 8). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the model group; ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effects of combined use of PNS and ASA on the rate of platelet aggregation (A) and the content of fibrinogen (B) in rats with acute blood stasis. Data were represented as mean ± SD (n = 8). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the model group; ∆ p < 0.05 compared with the ASA group; ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
2D-PLS-DA (A) and 3D-PLS-DA (B) score map in all groups. formula imagein green indicates in the control group; formula imageIn blue indicates in the model group; formula imagein red indicates in the PNS group; formula imagein yellow indicates in the ASA group; formula imagein purple indicates in the combined use group.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Plasma volcano-plot between the control and model groups. The x- and y-axis represent correlation coefficients (Corri.Coeffs.) and variable importance on projection (VIP) in order.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Altered metabolic pathways in rats with acute blood stasis (A) and the influence of disturbed metabolic pathways by PNS treatment (B), ASA treatment (C), and the treatment of their combined use (D) by bubble plot. The characters of a to k represent the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, TCA cycle, β-alanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and inositol phosphate, starch, and sucrose metabolism, respectively.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Potential metabolic pathways affected by acute blood stasis and the influence on the treatments of PNS, ASA, and the combined use of both drugs. Red words indicate potential biomarkers of acute blood stasis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Borrelli F., Izzo A. A. (2009). Herb-drug interactions with St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): an update on clinical observations. AAPS J. 11, 710–727. 10.1208/s12248-009-9146-8 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Brantley S. J., Argikar A. A., Lin Y. S., Nagar S., Paine M. F. (2014). Herb-drug interactions: challenges and opportunities for improved predictions. Drug Metab. Dispos. 42, 301–317. 10.1124/dmd.113.055236 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Burstein S., Hunter S. A., Sedor C., Shulman S. (1982). Prostaglandins and cannabis-IX. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31, 2361–2365. 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90530-5 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chen H., Chen X., Hong X., Liu C., Huang H., Wang Q., et al. (2016). Maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 exaggerates fetal cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine in rats. Environ. Toxicol. 32, 877–889. 10.1002/tox.22287 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Di Franco M., Lucchino B., Conti F., Valesini G., Spinelli F. R. (2018). Asymmetric dimethyl arginine as a biomarker of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm. 2018, 3897295. 10.1155/2018/3897295 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources