microRNAs: New-Age Panacea in Cancer Therapeutics

doi:10.1007/s13193-020-01110-w

Review

. 2021 Apr;12(Suppl 1):52-56.

doi: 10.1007/s13193-020-01110-w. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

microRNAs: New-Age Panacea in Cancer Therapeutics

Neelanjana Sarkar¹, Arun Kumar¹

Affiliations

PMID: 33994728
PMCID: PMC8119568
DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01110-w

Review

microRNAs: New-Age Panacea in Cancer Therapeutics

Neelanjana Sarkar et al. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2021 Apr.

. 2021 Apr;12(Suppl 1):52-56.

doi: 10.1007/s13193-020-01110-w. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

Authors

Neelanjana Sarkar¹, Arun Kumar¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India.

PMID: 33994728
PMCID: PMC8119568
DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01110-w

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~ 18-25 nucleotides in length), endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression. Numerous studies have demonstrated the dysregulation of miRNA expression in human cancers through various mechanisms, which include genetic alteration of miRNA genes, abnormal transcriptional control of miRNAs, anomalous epigenetic changes, and defective miRNA biogenesis machinery. They may function as either oncomiRs or tumor suppressor miRNAs in a tissue or cell-specific manner. The dysregulated miRNAs are known to affect the hallmarks of cancer, and some of these miRNAs have shown therapeutic promise in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Here, we briefly touch upon various aspects of miRNA biology with a particular focus on their roles in cancer.

Keywords: Cancer; Clinical trial; Dysregulation; MiRNA.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway and mechanism of action of miRNAs

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References

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[1] Starega-Roslan J, Krol J, Koscianska E, et al. Structural basis of microRNA length variety. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;39:257–268. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Starega-Roslan J, Krol J, Koscianska E, et al. Structural basis of microRNA length variety. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;39:257–268. - PMC - PubMed

[3] O'Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed Y, Peng C. Overview of microRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:402. - PMC - PubMed

[4] O'Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed Y, Peng C. Overview of microRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:402. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Kozomara A, Birgaoanu M, Griffiths-Jones S. MiRBase: from microRNA sequences to function. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D155–D162. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Kozomara A, Birgaoanu M, Griffiths-Jones S. MiRBase: from microRNA sequences to function. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D155–D162. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Fromm B, Billipp T, Peck LE, Johansen M, Tarver JE, King BL, Newcomb JM, Sempere LF, Flatmark K, Hovig E, Peterson KJ. A uniform system for the annotation of vertebrate microRNA genes and the evolution of the human microRNAome. Annu Rev Genet. 2015;49:213–242. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Fromm B, Billipp T, Peck LE, Johansen M, Tarver JE, King BL, Newcomb JM, Sempere LF, Flatmark K, Hovig E, Peterson KJ. A uniform system for the annotation of vertebrate microRNA genes and the evolution of the human microRNAome. Annu Rev Genet. 2015;49:213–242. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993;75:843–854. - PubMed

[10] Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993;75:843–854. - PubMed

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microRNAs: New-Age Panacea in Cancer Therapeutics

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microRNAs: New-Age Panacea in Cancer Therapeutics

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