Introduction on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Global Challenge

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_1

. 2021:1318:1-22.

doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_1.

Introduction on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Global Challenge

Nima Rezaei^{1

2}, Saboura Ashkevarian^{3

4}, Mahsa Keshavarz Fathi^{3

5}, Sara Hanaei^{3

5}, Zahra Kolahchi^{3

6}, Seyedeh-Sanam Ladi Seyedian^{3

7}, Elham Rayzan^{3

5}, Mojdeh Sarzaeim^{3

5}, Aida Vahed³, Kawthar Mohamed^{3

6}, Sarah Momtazmanesh^{3

6}, Negar Moradian^{3

6}, Zahra Rahimi Pirkoohi^{3

8}, Noosha Sameeifar^{3

9}, Mahsa Yousefpour³, Sepideh Sargoli³, Saina Adiban³, Aida Vahed³, Niloufar Yazdanpanah^{3

6}, Heliya Ziaei^{3

5}, Amene Saghazadeh^{3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
² Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
³ Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Research Institute of Applied Sciences, Academic Center of Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ USC Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁸ Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 33973169
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_1

Introduction on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Global Challenge

Nima Rezaei et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021.

. 2021:1318:1-22.

doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_1.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
² Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
³ Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Research Institute of Applied Sciences, Academic Center of Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ USC Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁸ Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 33973169
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_1

Abstract

By driving the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), coronaviruses have become a significant change in twenty-first-century medicine, healthcare systems, education, and the global economy. This chapter rapidly reviews the origin, immunopathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and potential therapeutics of COVID-19. It would also explore the effects of the introduction of a single virus, the so-called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on the public health preparedness planning.

Keywords: Borderless; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Global; Immune system; Pandemic; SARS-CoV-2.

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References

1. Abdullah AS, Tomlinson B, Cockram CS, Thomas GN (2003) Lessons from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 9(9):1042 - PubMed - PMC
1. Açikgöz Ö, Günay A (2020) The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy. Turk J Med Sci 50(SI-1):520–526. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-6 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
1. Ahmadi M, Saffarzadeh N, Habibi MA, Hajiesmaeili F, Rezaei N (2020, Jann 1) Colon cancer and SARS-CoV-2: impact of ACE2 expression in susceptibility to COVID-19. bioRxiv
1. Ahmed W, Angel N, Edson J, Bibby K, Bivins A, O’Brien JW, Choi PM, Kitajima M, Simpson SL, Li J (2020) First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Sci Total Environ 728:138764 - PubMed - PMC
1. Anyane-Yeboa A, Sato T, Sakuraba A (2020) Racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths reveal harsh truths about structural inequality in america. J Intern Med 288:479. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13117 - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Abdullah AS, Tomlinson B, Cockram CS, Thomas GN (2003) Lessons from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 9(9):1042 - PubMed - PMC

[2] Abdullah AS, Tomlinson B, Cockram CS, Thomas GN (2003) Lessons from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 9(9):1042 - PubMed - PMC

[3] Açikgöz Ö, Günay A (2020) The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy. Turk J Med Sci 50(SI-1):520–526. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-6 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[4] Açikgöz Ö, Günay A (2020) The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy. Turk J Med Sci 50(SI-1):520–526. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-6 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[5] Ahmadi M, Saffarzadeh N, Habibi MA, Hajiesmaeili F, Rezaei N (2020, Jann 1) Colon cancer and SARS-CoV-2: impact of ACE2 expression in susceptibility to COVID-19. bioRxiv

[6] Ahmadi M, Saffarzadeh N, Habibi MA, Hajiesmaeili F, Rezaei N (2020, Jann 1) Colon cancer and SARS-CoV-2: impact of ACE2 expression in susceptibility to COVID-19. bioRxiv

[7] Ahmed W, Angel N, Edson J, Bibby K, Bivins A, O’Brien JW, Choi PM, Kitajima M, Simpson SL, Li J (2020) First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Sci Total Environ 728:138764 - PubMed - PMC

[8] Ahmed W, Angel N, Edson J, Bibby K, Bivins A, O’Brien JW, Choi PM, Kitajima M, Simpson SL, Li J (2020) First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Sci Total Environ 728:138764 - PubMed - PMC

[9] Anyane-Yeboa A, Sato T, Sakuraba A (2020) Racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths reveal harsh truths about structural inequality in america. J Intern Med 288:479. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13117 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Anyane-Yeboa A, Sato T, Sakuraba A (2020) Racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths reveal harsh truths about structural inequality in america. J Intern Med 288:479. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13117 - DOI - PubMed

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Introduction on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Global Challenge

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Introduction on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Global Challenge

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