Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 5;22(7):3768.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22073768.

Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells as a Tool to Investigate the Effects of Cyanidin 3- O-Glucoside on Cell Differentiation

Shinya Takahashi  1   2   3 , Farhana Ferdousi  1   2   3 , Yun-Wen Zheng  3   4 , Tatsuya Oda  3   4 , Hiroko Isoda  1   2   3
Affiliations

Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells as a Tool to Investigate the Effects of Cyanidin 3- O-Glucoside on Cell Differentiation

Shinya Takahashi et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Cyanidin, a kind of anthocyanin, has been reported to have chemotherapeutic activities in humans. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are considered a potential source of pluripotent stem cells. hAECs have been used as a novel tool in regenerative cellular therapy and cell differentiation studies. In this study, to explore the effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) on hAECs and their mechanisms, we investigated the transcriptomic changes in the Cy3G-treated cells using microarray analysis. Among the differentially expressed genes (Fold change > 1.1; p-value < 0.05), 109 genes were upregulated and 232 were downregulated. Ratios of upregulated and downregulated genes were 0.22% and 0.47% of the total expressed genes, respectively. Next, we explored the enriched gene ontology, i.e., the biological process, molecular function, and cellular component of the 37 upregulated (>1.3-fold change) and 124 downregulated (<1.3-fold change) genes. Significantly enriched biological processes by the upregulated genes included "response to muscle activity," and the genes involved in this gene ontology (GO) were Metrnl and SRD5A1, which function in the adipocyte. On the other hand, the cell cycle biological process was significantly enriched by the downregulated genes, including some from the SMC gene family. An adipogenesis-associated gene DDX6 was also included in the cell cycle biological process. Thus, our findings suggest the prospects of Cy3G in modulating adipocyte differentiation in hAECs.

Keywords: adipocyte; amniotic epithelial cells; cell differentiation; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; global gene expression.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characterization of gene expression profiles in human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) with or without cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) (A) Volcano plot displaying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Cy3G-treated and untreated hAECs on day 7. The vertical axis corresponds to −log10 p-value of the ANOVA p-values, and the horizontal axis displays linear fold change. The red dots represent the upregulated genes, and the green dots represent the downregulated genes. (B) distribution of fold changes of downregulated genes (left) and upregulated genes (right) in Cy3G-treated hAECs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Functional analysis of upregulated DEGs between Cy3G-treated and untreated hAECs on day 7 represented (A) significantly enriched biological process, (B) cellular components, and (C) molecular functions analyzed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The horizontal axis corresponds to −log10 p-value.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Functional analysis of downregulated DEGs between Cy3G-treated and untreated hAECs on day 7 by DAVID represented (A) significantly enriched biological process, (B) cellular components, and (C) molecular functions. The horizontal axis corresponds to −log10 p-value.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Functional analysis of DEGs between Cy3G-treated and untreated hAECs on day 7 in (A) upregulated and (B) downregulated genes analyzed by the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). The horizontal axis corresponds to −log10 p-value.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Cartea M.E., Francisco M., Soengas P., Velasco P. Phenolic Compounds in Brassica Vegetables. Molecules. 2011;16:251–280. doi: 10.3390/molecules16010251. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arts I.C., Hollman P.C. Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;81(Suppl. S1):317S–325S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.317S. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Matsukawa T., Inaguma T., Han J., Villareal M.O., Isoda H. Cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from black soybeans ameliorate type 2 diabetes through the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into smaller and insulin-sensitive adipocytes. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2015;26:860–867. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Manach C., Scalbert A., Morand C., Rémésy C., Jiménez L. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;79:727–747. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liu R.H. Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;78:517s–520s. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.517S. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms