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. 2021 Mar 31;13(4):595.
doi: 10.3390/v13040595.

High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Endrya do Socorro Fôro Ramos  1 , Ulisses Alves Rosa  1 , Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro  1 , Fabiola Villanova  1 , Flávio Augusto de Pádua Milagres  2   3 , Rafael Brustulin  2 , Vanessa Dos Santos Morais  4 , Mayara Bertanhe  4 , Roberta Marcatti  4 , Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo  5 , Steven S Witkin  4   6 , Eric Delwart  7   8 , Adriana Luchs  9 , Antonio Charlys da Costa  4 , Élcio Leal  1
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High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Endrya do Socorro Fôro Ramos et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Echoviruses (E) are a diverse group of viruses responsible for various pathological conditions in humans including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis. The detection and identification of echovirus genotypes in clinical samples is challenging due to its high genetic diversity. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of nine echoviruses, obtained by next-generation sequencing of 238 fecal samples from individuals with gastroenteritis in regions of Brazil. Detected viruses were classified into six genotypes: Three E1 sequences (BRA/TO-028, BRA/TO-069 and BRA/TO-236), one E3 (BRA/TO-018), one E11 (BRA/TO-086), one E20 (BRA/TO-016), two E29 (BRA/TO-030 and BRA/TO-193), and one E30 sequence (BRA/TO-032). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the echoviruses E1 and E29 circulating in Brazil are divergent from strains circulating worldwide. The genotype diversity identified in our study may under-represent the total echovirus diversity in Brazil because of the small sample size and the restricted geographical distribution covered by the survey.

Keywords: acute gastroenteritis; echovirus E; enterovirus; gut virome; pediatric virome.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of the State of Tocantins (Northern, Brazil) highlighting municipalities (in red, green, and orange) where the positive echovirus fecal samples were collected. Upper figure: Positive localities in the state of Tocantins. Lower figure: Map of Brazil showing the state of Tocantins area. The map was generated with the software QGIS Geographic Information System.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Maximum likelihood tree of VP genome region of enteroviruses. Numbers in each node are the statistical support based on the approximate likelihood test. Echovirus clades are indicated in the tree. Sequences were named following: GenBank ID or number_ country of origin/year of isolation_ genotype. Echoviruses characterized in this study were highlighted in the tree. In order to facilitate visualization, some clusters were collapsed in the tree.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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