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Review
. 2021 Mar;48(3):2791-2802.
doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06266-4. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy?

Fernando Mendes #  1   2   3   4 , Eurico Pereira #  5   6 , Diana Martins  7   5   8   6 , Edgar Tavares-Silva  5   8   6   9 , Ana Salomé Pires  5   8   6 , Ana Margarida Abrantes  5   8   6 , Arnaldo Figueiredo  5   8   6   9 , Maria Filomena Botelho  5   8   6
Affiliations
Review

Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy?

Fernando Mendes et al. Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and despite all innovations, remains a major challenge due to high morbidity and mortality. Genomic and epigenetic analyses allowed the discovery of new genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of BC. However, the effect on mortality has been modest and the development of new targets for BC treatment are needed. Recent evidence suggests that cancer cells are under increased stress associated with oncogenic transformation, with changes in metabolic activity and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased amounts of ROS in cancer cells are associated with stimulation of cellular proliferation, promotion of mutations and genetic instability, as well as alterations in cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents. Since these mechanisms occur in cancer cells, there is a close link between oxidative stress (OS) and BC with implications in prevention, carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment. We address the role of OS as an enemy towards BC development, as well as an ally to fight against BC. This review promises to expand our treatment options for BC with OS-based therapies and launches this approach as an opportunity to improve our ability to select patients most likely to respond to personalized therapy.

Keywords: Antineoplastic drug resistance; Antioxidant activity; Carcinogenesis; Oxidative stress; Therapeutics; Urinary bladder neoplasms.

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