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. 2021 Feb 25:2021:6691475.
doi: 10.1155/2021/6691475. eCollection 2021.

The Herbal Cocktail GSYJ Attenuated Airway Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in a Chronic Asthmatic Mouse Model

Chung-Jen Chiang  1 , Shu-Lun Chang  1 , Li-Jen Lin  2
Affiliations

The Herbal Cocktail GSYJ Attenuated Airway Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in a Chronic Asthmatic Mouse Model

Chung-Jen Chiang et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

This study explored the potential therapeutic efficacy of GSYJ in attenuating asthma symptom severity and aimed to determine the immunomodulatory mechanism of GSYJ. A mouse model of chronic asthma induced by repeated Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) challenge was established. In addition, 30 minutes before Der p challenge, the mice were orally administered GSYJ (1 g/kg). The mice were sacrificed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition in the lung, total IgE in serum, and expression profiles of various cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and various genes in lung tissue. Furthermore, 30 minutes after the addition of GSYJ to RAW264.7 cell cultures, 100 ng/ml LPS was added to evaluate the effect of the drug on the LPS-induced expression of genes, proteins, and transcription factors. GSYJ may regulate transcription factors (cJUN/IRF3/NF-κB) to decrease the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, RANTES, and iNOS in macrophages and affect the IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-6 levels in the BALF of mice to relieve asthma symptoms, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperresponsiveness, and increased serum total IgE levels. Therefore, GSYJ has the potential to be developed into a drug treatment for chronic asthma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
LC-MS analysis of the concentrations of the following compounds in GSYJ concentration of the compounds in GSYJ: (a) chlorogenic acid, (b) ursolic acid, (c) oleanolic acid, (d) β-sitosterol, and (e) catalpol (unit: ng/GSYJ ex. 1 mg) and (f) content of the compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effects of GSYJ on a mouse model of chronic asthma. (a) The anti-AHR effects of GSYJ. (b) The effects of GSYJ on inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung. Changes in the total cell number and cell population distributions in the BALF of mice sacrificed 72 hours after the final Der p challenge. BALB/c mice were challenged and assayed as described in the methods section. Values are presented as means ± SD of 6 mice. #P < 0.05 and ###P < 0.001 compared with the PBS group; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 for the comparison between the nontreated and GSYJ-treated groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effects of GSYJ on Der p-induced antibody production in the serum. The levels of total IgE, Der p-specific IgG1, and IgG2a/2b were measured using ELISA. Values are presented as means ± SD of 6 mice.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effects of GSYJ on Der p-induced cytokine production in the BALF. IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-12 levels were measured using ELISA. Values are presented as means ± SD of 6 mice.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effects of GSYJ on lung tissues from mice with Der p-induced chronic asthma. (a) GSYJ exerts suppressive effects by regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, RANTES, and iNOS in lung tissue. (b) The effects of GSYJ on Der p-induced collagen deposition in mouse lung tissue. Collagen was present in the lung tissue. Values are presented as means ± SD of 6 mice.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of GSYJ on RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with LPS. (a) Cells were incubated with GSYJ for 30 minutes and then stimulated with LPS for 18 hours. GSYJ exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on IL-1β, IL-6, RANTES, and iNOS mRNA expression. (b) Cells were incubated with GSYJ for 30 minutes and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. Levels of the IL-1β, IL-6, and RANTES proteins were measured using ELISA. (c) Cells were incubated with GSYJ for 30 minutes and then stimulated with LPS for 24 hours and 48 hours prior to iNOS and NO assays, respectively. These profiles are representative of profiles obtained from three independent experiments.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of GSYJ on the expression of transcription factors in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS. (a) GSYJ reduces the levels of p-c-Jun, c-Jun, p-IRF3, and IRF3. (b) GSYJ reduces the expression of NF-κB in the nucleus. These profiles are representative of three independent experiments.
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