Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 May 19;36(4):322-328.
doi: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1897856. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Serum Biomarkers in Neuro-Ophthalmology: When to Test

Devon A Cohen  1   2 , Ryan Gise  1   2   3 , Eric D Gaier  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Serum Biomarkers in Neuro-Ophthalmology: When to Test

Devon A Cohen et al. Semin Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Discovery and characterization of serologic biomarkers has revolutionized the diagnostic framework of systemic and paraneoplastic autoimmune neuro-ophthalmic diseases. Expanding recognition of the multiple ocular and visual manifestations of these conditions highlights the important role of the referring provider in identifying potential cases. Increasing ease of access to serologic testing also enables these practitioners to initiate the diagnostic work-up in suspected cases. We aimed to provide an update on the current knowledge surrounding and use of relevant autoimmune biomarkers by correlating specific clinical neuro-ophthalmic manifestations with autoantibody biomarkers. The utility of select biomarkers for myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, anti-collapsin-response mediator protein-5 optic neuropathy, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-IgG-associated disease are discussed with particular focus on the clinical contexts in which to consider testing.

Keywords: Autoantibodies; autoimmune neuro-ophthalmic disorders; neuro-ophthalmology; paraneoplastic syndromes; serum biomarkers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Seven-year-old girl with MOG-IgG-associated disorder. Fundus photos: right: optic disc has sharp margins with temporal pallor; Left: optic disc is edematous, especially superior and inferior, with hazy borders and gliosis. Post-contrast MRI brain, axial T1, fat suppressed: diffuse left optic nerve T2 signal abnormality, edema, and enhancement.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2004;364(9451):2106–2112. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17551-X. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Berger T, Rubner P, Schautzer F, et al. Antimyelin antibodies as a predictor of clinically definite multiple sclerosis after a first demyelinating event. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(2):139–145. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022328. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ramanathan S, Reddel SW, Henderson A, et al. Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in bilateral and recurrent optic neuritis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2014;1(4):e40. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000040. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kim S-M, Woodhall MR, Kim J-S, et al. Antibodies to MOG in adults with inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015;2(6):e163. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000163. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sepúlveda M, Sola-Valls N, Escudero D, et al. Clinical profile of patients with paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and aquaporin-4 antibodies. Mult Scler. 2018;24 (13):1753–1759. doi:10.1177/1352458517731914. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources