Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2026982

Clinical Trial

. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):829-841.

doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026982.

Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

Toni K Choueiri¹, Thomas Powles¹, Mauricio Burotto¹, Bernard Escudier¹, Maria T Bourlon¹, Bogdan Zurawski¹, Victor M Oyervides Juárez¹, James J Hsieh¹, Umberto Basso¹, Amishi Y Shah¹, Cristina Suárez¹, Alketa Hamzaj¹, Jeffrey C Goh¹, Carlos Barrios¹, Martin Richardet¹, Camillo Porta¹, Rubén Kowalyszyn¹, Juan P Feregrino¹, Jakub Żołnierek¹, David Pook¹, Elizabeth R Kessler¹, Yoshihiko Tomita¹, Ryuichi Mizuno¹, Jens Bedke¹, Joshua Zhang¹, Matthew A Maurer¹, Burcin Simsek¹, Flavia Ejzykowicz¹, Gisela M Schwab¹, Andrea B Apolo¹, Robert J Motzer¹; CheckMate 9ER Investigators

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

CheckMate 9ER Investigators:
Juan Ignacio Hernandez Moran, Juan Zarba, Jose Minatta, Santiago Bella, Martin Richardet, Ruben Kowalyszyn, Matias Chacon, Andrew Hill, Howard Gurney, Christopher Hocking, David Pook, Jeffrey Goh, Simon Troon, Anthony Joshua, Niara Oliveira, Carlos Barrios, Andre Murad, Joao Neif Jr, Juliana De Menezes, Oren Smaletz, Victor Santos, Ariel Kann, Fabio Franke, Mauricio Burotto, Bohuslav Melichar, Jindrich Kopecky, Margitta Retz, Jens Bedke, Marinela Augustin, Stefan Hauser, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Aristotelis Bamias, Konstantinos Papazisis, Raanan Berger, Olesya Goldman, Victoria Neiman, Avivit Peer, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Gianluca Del Conte, Umberto Basso, Alketa Hamzaj, Ferdinando Riccardi, Camillo Porta, Sergio Bracarda, Kazuyuki Numakura, Ryuichi Mizuno, Yoshihiko Tomita, Go Kimura, Tsunenori Kondo, Satoshi Tamada, Koshiro Nishimoto, Takahiro Yoneyama, Takashige Abe, Yasuhisa Fujii, Wataru Obara, Masahiro Nozawa, Masatoshi Eto, Hideki Sakai, Motohide Uemura, Naoya Masumori, Norihiko Tsuchiya, Takeshi Kishida, Satoshi Fukasawa, Atsushi Takamoto, Yasutomo Nakai, Noboru Nakaigawa, Yuji Miura, Emilio Murillo Ramirez, Daniel Motola Kuba, Juan Feregrino Arreola, Victor Manuel Oyervides Juárez, Miguel Angel Alvarez Avitia, Maria T Bourlon, Rodrigo Eduardo Pacheco Perez, Francisco Medina-Soto, Piotr Centkowski, Joanna Wojcik-Tomaszewska, Bogdan Zurawski, Tudor Ciuleanu, Michael Schenker, Boris Alekseev, Alexander Nosov, Daniel Castellano, Jose Angel Arranz, Cristina Caballero, Begoña Pérez-Valderrama, Cristina Suarez, Ignacio Duran, Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Irfan Cicin, Hasan Coskun, Gamze Gokoz-Dogu, Nuri Karadurmus, Yuksel Urun, Mustafa Ozguroglu, Manon Pillai, Thomas Powles, John McGrane, Robert J Motzer, James J Hsieh, Timothy Kuzel, Toni K Choueiri, Saby George, Alan Tan, Christopher Ryan, Amishi Y Shah, Thomas Hutson, Michael Meshad, Jeffrey Yorio, Mahdi Taha, Shaker Dakhil, Robert Dichmann, Ahad Sadiq, Alexandra Drakaki, Nicholas Vogelzang, Elizabeth R Kessler, Johanna Bendell, Peter Van Veldhuizen, Petros Nikolinakos, Mark Fleming, Montaser Shaheen, Ravindranath Patel, Suresh Nair

Affiliation

¹ From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.).

PMID: 33657295
PMCID: PMC8436591
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026982

Clinical Trial

Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

Toni K Choueiri et al. N Engl J Med. 2021.

. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):829-841.

doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026982.

Authors

Collaborators

CheckMate 9ER Investigators:
Juan Ignacio Hernandez Moran, Juan Zarba, Jose Minatta, Santiago Bella, Martin Richardet, Ruben Kowalyszyn, Matias Chacon, Andrew Hill, Howard Gurney, Christopher Hocking, David Pook, Jeffrey Goh, Simon Troon, Anthony Joshua, Niara Oliveira, Carlos Barrios, Andre Murad, Joao Neif Jr, Juliana De Menezes, Oren Smaletz, Victor Santos, Ariel Kann, Fabio Franke, Mauricio Burotto, Bohuslav Melichar, Jindrich Kopecky, Margitta Retz, Jens Bedke, Marinela Augustin, Stefan Hauser, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Aristotelis Bamias, Konstantinos Papazisis, Raanan Berger, Olesya Goldman, Victoria Neiman, Avivit Peer, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Gianluca Del Conte, Umberto Basso, Alketa Hamzaj, Ferdinando Riccardi, Camillo Porta, Sergio Bracarda, Kazuyuki Numakura, Ryuichi Mizuno, Yoshihiko Tomita, Go Kimura, Tsunenori Kondo, Satoshi Tamada, Koshiro Nishimoto, Takahiro Yoneyama, Takashige Abe, Yasuhisa Fujii, Wataru Obara, Masahiro Nozawa, Masatoshi Eto, Hideki Sakai, Motohide Uemura, Naoya Masumori, Norihiko Tsuchiya, Takeshi Kishida, Satoshi Fukasawa, Atsushi Takamoto, Yasutomo Nakai, Noboru Nakaigawa, Yuji Miura, Emilio Murillo Ramirez, Daniel Motola Kuba, Juan Feregrino Arreola, Victor Manuel Oyervides Juárez, Miguel Angel Alvarez Avitia, Maria T Bourlon, Rodrigo Eduardo Pacheco Perez, Francisco Medina-Soto, Piotr Centkowski, Joanna Wojcik-Tomaszewska, Bogdan Zurawski, Tudor Ciuleanu, Michael Schenker, Boris Alekseev, Alexander Nosov, Daniel Castellano, Jose Angel Arranz, Cristina Caballero, Begoña Pérez-Valderrama, Cristina Suarez, Ignacio Duran, Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Irfan Cicin, Hasan Coskun, Gamze Gokoz-Dogu, Nuri Karadurmus, Yuksel Urun, Mustafa Ozguroglu, Manon Pillai, Thomas Powles, John McGrane, Robert J Motzer, James J Hsieh, Timothy Kuzel, Toni K Choueiri, Saby George, Alan Tan, Christopher Ryan, Amishi Y Shah, Thomas Hutson, Michael Meshad, Jeffrey Yorio, Mahdi Taha, Shaker Dakhil, Robert Dichmann, Ahad Sadiq, Alexandra Drakaki, Nicholas Vogelzang, Elizabeth R Kessler, Johanna Bendell, Peter Van Veldhuizen, Petros Nikolinakos, Mark Fleming, Montaser Shaheen, Ravindranath Patel, Suresh Nair

Affiliation

¹ From the Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (T.K.C.); the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Free National Health Service Trust, London (T.P.); the Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile (M.B.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (B.E.); the Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (M.T.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Universitario contra el Cáncer, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León (V.M.O.J.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital H+ Querétaro, Querétaro (J.P.F.) - all in Mexico; the Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz (B.Z.), and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Biała Podlaska (J. Żołnierek) - both in Poland; the Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.J.H.); Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua (U.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Donato, Istituto Toscano i, Arezzo (A.H.), the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia (C.P.), and the University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari (C.P.) - all in Italy; the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.Y.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (C.S.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD (J.C.G.), and Cabrini Monash University Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC (D.P.) - both in Australia; the Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.B.); Fundacion Richardet Longo, Instituto Oncologico de Cordoba, Cordoba (M.R.), and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Oncología, Clínica Viedma, Viedma (R.K.) - both in Argentina; the Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (E.R.K.); the Departments of Urology and Molecular Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata (Y.T.), and the Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo (R.M.) - both in Japan; the Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); the Departments of Clinical Research (J. Zhang.), Clinical Oncology (M.A.M.), Biostatistics (B.S.), and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (F.E.), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Exelixis, Alameda, CA (G.M.S.); the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.B.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (R.J.M.).

PMID: 33657295
PMCID: PMC8436591
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026982

Abstract

Background: The efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus cabozantinib as compared with those of sunitinib in the treatment of previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma are not known.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, open-label trial, we randomly assigned adults with previously untreated clear-cell, advanced renal-cell carcinoma to receive either nivolumab (240 mg every 2 weeks) plus cabozantinib (40 mg once daily) or sunitinib (50 mg once daily for 4 weeks of each 6-week cycle). The primary end point was progression-free survival, as determined by blinded independent central review. Secondary end points included overall survival, objective response as determined by independent review, and safety. Health-related quality of life was an exploratory end point.

Results: Overall, 651 patients were assigned to receive nivolumab plus cabozantinib (323 patients) or sunitinib (328 patients). At a median follow-up of 18.1 months for overall survival, the median progression-free survival was 16.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.5 to 24.9) with nivolumab plus cabozantinib and 8.3 months (95% CI, 7.0 to 9.7) with sunitinib (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.64; P<0.001). The probability of overall survival at 12 months was 85.7% (95% CI, 81.3 to 89.1) with nivolumab plus cabozantinib and 75.6% (95% CI, 70.5 to 80.0) with sunitinib (hazard ratio for death, 0.60; 98.89% CI, 0.40 to 0.89; P = 0.001). An objective response occurred in 55.7% of the patients receiving nivolumab plus cabozantinib and in 27.1% of those receiving sunitinib (P<0.001). Efficacy benefits with nivolumab plus cabozantinib were consistent across subgroups. Adverse events of any cause of grade 3 or higher occurred in 75.3% of the 320 patients receiving nivolumab plus cabozantinib and in 70.6% of the 320 patients receiving sunitinib. Overall, 19.7% of the patients in the combination group discontinued at least one of the trial drugs owing to adverse events, and 5.6% discontinued both. Patients reported better health-related quality of life with nivolumab plus cabozantinib than with sunitinib.

Conclusions: Nivolumab plus cabozantinib had significant benefits over sunitinib with respect to progression-free survival, overall survival, and likelihood of response in patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and others; CheckMate 9ER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03141177.).

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

**Figure 1.. Progression-free and Overall Survival in the Intention-to-Treat Population.**
The intention-to-treat population included all the patients who underwent randomization. Shown are Kaplan–Meier estimates of progression-free survival (Panel A) and overall survival (Panel B). Progression-free survival was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, by blinded independent central review of radiologic imaging. NE denotes could not be estimated, and NR not reached.

**Figure 2.. Progression-free and Overall Survival According to Subgroup.**
Shown is the analysis of progression-free survival (Panel A) and overall survival (Panel B), according to subgroup. The International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic risk, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, and geographic region (stratification factors) were recorded at screening by means of interactive response technology among all the patients who underwent randomization. Karnofsky performance-status scores range from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating greater disability. Median progression-free survival and 95% confidence intervals according to subgroup are provided in Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Re: Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib Versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-cell Carcinoma.
Grünwald V, Hadaschik B. Grünwald V, et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Aug;80(2):256-257. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.04.039. Epub 2021 May 13. Eur Urol. 2021. PMID: 33992475 No abstract available.
Fortgeschrittenes Nierenzellkarzinom: Nivolumab/Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Aktuelle Urol. 2022 Feb;53(1):16-18. doi: 10.1055/a-1559-4893. Epub 2022 Jan 25. Aktuelle Urol. 2022. PMID: 35078256 German. No abstract available.
Cost Effectiveness of Treatment Sequences in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Mason NT, Joshi VB, Adashek JJ, Kim Y, Shah SS, Schneider AM, Chadha J, Jim HSL, Byrne MM, Gilbert SM, Manley BJ, Spiess PE, Chahoud J. Mason NT, et al. Eur Urol Oncol. 2023 Jun;6(3):331-338. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.01.011. Epub 2023 Feb 14. Eur Urol Oncol. 2023. PMID: 36797084

Cited by

Outcomes of first-line treatment and their association with pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: Insights from a tertiary care institute in Pakistan.
Samar MR, Javaid M, Zehra NE, Zehra N, Hameed MA, Soomro MY, Ali I, Rashid YA. Samar MR, et al. Ecancermedicalscience. 2024 Sep 3;18:1753. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1753. eCollection 2024. Ecancermedicalscience. 2024. PMID: 39430088 Free PMC article.
Registration trials in countries without access to US standards of care - pitfalls of interpretation.
Strohbehn GW, Goldstein DA. Strohbehn GW, et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021 Jul;18(7):395-396. doi: 10.1038/s41571-021-00506-z. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021. PMID: 33833435 No abstract available.
Incidence risk of peripheral edema in cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: A PRISMA guideline systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tian Y, Huang A, Tian M, Wang K, Dang Q, Zhang C, Liu H, Zhao J, Yang X, Zhang C, Guo L, Chen F. Tian Y, et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 9;101(36):e30151. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030151. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022. PMID: 36086680 Free PMC article.
Lenvatinib with or Without Everolimus in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapies.
Wiele AJ, Bathala TK, Hahn AW, Xiao L, Duran M, Ross JA, Jonasch E, Shah AY, Campbell MT, Msaouel P, Tannir NM. Wiele AJ, et al. Oncologist. 2021 Jun;26(6):476-482. doi: 10.1002/onco.13770. Epub 2021 Apr 21. Oncologist. 2021. PMID: 33792094 Free PMC article.
A Systematic Review of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Clear-Cell Renal Cancer.
Palma Dos Reis AF, Simão D, Odeny T, Rodrigues C, Fontes-Sousa M, da Luz R, Chowdry RP, Welsh SJ, Paller C, Barata PC. Palma Dos Reis AF, et al. Kidney Cancer. 2022 Aug 4;6(2):115-127. doi: 10.3233/KCA-210012. eCollection 2022. Kidney Cancer. 2022. PMID: 36212797 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Choueiri TK, Motzer RJ. Systemic therapy for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 354–66. - PubMed
1. McKay RR, Bossé D, Choueiri TK. Evolving systemic treatment landscape for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2018October29 (Epub ahead of print). - PubMed
1. Heidegger I, Pircher A, Pichler R. Targeting the tumor microenvironment in renal cell cancer biology and therapy. Front Oncol 2019;9: 490. - PMC - PubMed
1. Apolo AB, Nadal R, Girardi DM, et al.Phase I study of cabozantinib and nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other genitourinary tumors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38: 3672–84. - PMC - PubMed
1. Amin A, Plimack ER, Ernstoff MS, et al.Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. J Immunother Cancer 2018;6: 109. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Substances

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Associated data

Actions
- Search in PubMed
- Search in ClinicalTrials.gov

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- scite Smart Citations
Medical
- MedlinePlus Health Information
Research Materials
- NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program

[1] Choueiri TK, Motzer RJ. Systemic therapy for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 354–66. - PubMed

[2] Choueiri TK, Motzer RJ. Systemic therapy for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 354–66. - PubMed

[3] McKay RR, Bossé D, Choueiri TK. Evolving systemic treatment landscape for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2018October29 (Epub ahead of print). - PubMed

[4] McKay RR, Bossé D, Choueiri TK. Evolving systemic treatment landscape for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2018October29 (Epub ahead of print). - PubMed

[5] Heidegger I, Pircher A, Pichler R. Targeting the tumor microenvironment in renal cell cancer biology and therapy. Front Oncol 2019;9: 490. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Heidegger I, Pircher A, Pichler R. Targeting the tumor microenvironment in renal cell cancer biology and therapy. Front Oncol 2019;9: 490. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Apolo AB, Nadal R, Girardi DM, et al.Phase I study of cabozantinib and nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other genitourinary tumors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38: 3672–84. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Apolo AB, Nadal R, Girardi DM, et al.Phase I study of cabozantinib and nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other genitourinary tumors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38: 3672–84. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Amin A, Plimack ER, Ernstoff MS, et al.Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. J Immunother Cancer 2018;6: 109. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Amin A, Plimack ER, Ernstoff MS, et al.Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. J Immunother Cancer 2018;6: 109. - PMC - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

Collaborators

Affiliation

Nivolumab plus Cabozantinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliation

Abstract

Figures

Comment in

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Associated data

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Research Materials

Abstract

Figures

Comment in

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Associated data

Related information

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Research Materials