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. 2021 Apr;30(8):1907-1920.
doi: 10.1111/mec.15858. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Genome-wide ancestry and introgression in a Zambian baboon hybrid zone

Kenneth L Chiou  1   2 , Christina M Bergey  3   4 , Andrew S Burrell  4 , Todd R Disotell  4   5   6 , Jeffrey Rogers  7 , Clifford J Jolly  4   5 , Jane E Phillips-Conroy  1   8
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Genome-wide ancestry and introgression in a Zambian baboon hybrid zone

Kenneth L Chiou et al. Mol Ecol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Hybridization in nature offers unique insights into the process of natural selection in incipient species and their hybrids. In order to evaluate the patterns and targets of selection, we examine a recently discovered baboon hybrid zone in the Kafue River Valley of Zambia, where Kinda baboons (Papio kindae) and grey-footed chacma baboons (P. ursinus griseipes) coexist with hybridization. We genotyped baboons at 14,962 variable genome-wide autosomal markers using double-digest RADseq. We compared ancestry patterns from this genome-wide data set to previously reported ancestry from mitochondrial-DNA and Y-chromosome sources. We also fit a Bayesian genomic cline model to scan for genes with extreme patterns of introgression. We show that the Kinda baboon Y chromosome has penetrated the species boundary to a greater extent than either mitochondrial DNA or the autosomal chromosomes. We also find evidence for overall restricted introgression in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Echoing results in other species including humans, we find evidence for enhanced and/or directional introgression of immune-related genes or pathways including the toll-like receptor pathway, the blood coagulation pathway, and the LY96 gene. Finally we show enhanced introgression and excess chacma baboon ancestry in the sperm tail gene ODF2. Together, our results elucidate the dynamics of introgressive hybridization in a primate system while identifying genes and pathways possibly under selection.

Keywords: Bayesian genomic clines; admixture; double-digest RADseq; population structure; primates.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ancestry estimation results using ADMIXTURE. Individuals are ordered according to the localities listed in Table 1. Orange indicates Kinda baboon ancestry while blue indicates chacma baboon ancestry.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average ADMIXTURE ancestry results (hybrid index) by locality. Circle areas are proportional to the number of individuals. The former course of the Kafue River prior to construction of the Itezhi Tezhi Dam between 1972 and 1976 is shown in light blue.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A comparison of ancestry results between autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosome marker sets. Ancestry estimates from each marker set were averaged for each site and interpolated over the study area to facilitate comparison among all sample points (Figure S10 and Figure S11). While this may inflate the effective sample size and introduce spatial biases, the overall patterns were reproduced with more conservative analyses (see text). Violin plots in the left pane show the distribution of hybrid indices estimated from the three marker sets, with mean estimates indicated by horizontal lines. The scatter plot in the right pane shows hybrid indices plotted against latitude. Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome data are from Jolly et al. (2011).
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