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. 2021 Nov-Dec;136(6):685-698.
doi: 10.1177/0033354920970539. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Geographic Differences in Social Determinants of Health Among US-Born and Non-US-Born Hispanic/Latino Adults With Diagnosed HIV Infection, United States and Puerto Rico, 2017

Zanetta Gant  1 , Shacara Johnson Lyons  1 , Chan Jin  2 , André Dailey  1 , Ndidi Nwangwu-Ike  1 , Anna Satcher Johnson  1
Affiliations

Geographic Differences in Social Determinants of Health Among US-Born and Non-US-Born Hispanic/Latino Adults With Diagnosed HIV Infection, United States and Puerto Rico, 2017

Zanetta Gant et al. Public Health Rep. 2021 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Objective: HIV disproportionately affects Hispanic/Latino people in the United States, and factors other than individual attributes may be contributing to these differences. We examined differences in the distribution of HIV diagnosis and social determinants of health (SDH) among US-born and non-US-born Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States and Puerto Rico.

Methods: We used data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) to determine US census tract-level HIV diagnosis rates and percentages among US-born and non-US-born Hispanic/Latino adults aged ≥18 for 2017. We merged data from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey with NHSS data to examine regional differences in federal poverty level, education, median household income, employment, and health insurance coverage among 8648 US-born (n = 3328) and non-US-born (n = 5320) Hispanic/Latino adults.

Results: A comparison of US-born and non-US-born men by region showed similar distributions of HIV diagnoses. The largest percentages occurred in census tracts where ≥19% of residents lived below the federal poverty level, ≥18% did not finish high school, the median household income was <$40 000 per year, ≥6% were unemployed, and ≥16% did not have health insurance. A comparison of US-born and non-US-born women by region showed similar distributions.

Conclusion: The findings of higher numbers of HIV diagnoses among non-US-born Hispanic/Latino adults than among US-born Hispanic/Latino adults, regional similarities in patterns of SDH and HIV percentages and rates, and Hispanic/Latino adults faring poorly in each SDH category are important for understanding SDH barriers that may be affecting Hispanic/Latino adults with HIV in the United States.

Keywords: HIV; Hispanic/Latino; census tract; education; employment; foreign born; health insurance; income; poverty; region; social determinants of health.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure
Figure
Diagnoses of HIV infection among US-born (A) and non–US-born (B) Hispanic/Latino adults, in the 10 US states with the highest percentages of HIV diagnoses, 2017.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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