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Review
. 2021 Apr;78(7):3265-3283.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03739-w. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

What can urinary exosomes tell us?

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Review

What can urinary exosomes tell us?

Rui Vitorino et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Exosomes are involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes in human body homeostasis. Exosomes also provide important information regarding communications among several organ systems. Additionally, they can serve as molecular vehicles to deliver drugs. Therefore, exosomes have received wide attention in current biomedical research for unraveling pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, searching for novel biomarkers, and discovering new drugs. This paper reviews and discusses the significance of urinary exosomes for a better understanding of human disease pathophysiology and their potential use as therapeutic targets. Isolation methods of exosomes and the latest technological advances are also discussed. Furthermore, novel urinary exosomal biomarkers are highlighted with special emphasis on their clinical applicability (particularly sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and other aspects). Finally, future trends for this field are analyzed and our perspectives are provided.

Keywords: Biomarker; Drug targets; Exosomes; Urine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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