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Review
. 2021 Dec;199(12):4832-4846.
doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02584-7. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Molecular Biology of Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Munir Ozturk  1 , Mert Metin  2 , Volkan Altay  3 , Luigi De Filippis  4 , Bengu Turkyilmaz Ünal  5 , Anum Khursheed  6 , Alvina Gul  7 , Mirza Hasanuzzaman  8 , Kamuran Nahar  9 , Tomonori Kawano  2 , Pedro García Caparrós  10
Affiliations
Review

Molecular Biology of Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Munir Ozturk et al. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal mainly originating from industrial activities and causes environmental pollution. To better understand its toxicity and pollution remediation, we must understand the effects of Cd on living beings. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is an eukaryotic unicellular model organism. It has provided much scientific knowledge about cellular and molecular biology in addition to its economic benefits. Effects associated with copper and zinc, sulfur and selenium metabolism, calcium (Ca2+) balance/signaling, and structure of phospholipids as a result of exposure to cadmium have been evaluated. In yeast as a result of cadmium stress, "mitogen-activated protein kinase," "high osmolarity glycerol," and "cell wall integrity" pathways have been reported to activate different signaling pathways. In addition, abnormalities and changes in protein structure, ribosomes, cell cycle disruption, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) following cadmium cytotoxicity have also been detailed. Moreover, the key OLE1 gene that encodes for delta-9 FA desaturase in relation to cadmium toxicity has been discussed in more detail. Keeping all these studies in mind, an attempt has been made to evaluate published cellular and molecular toxicity data related to Cd stress, and specifically published on S. cerevisiae.

Keywords: Cadmium; Molecular biology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Toxicity.

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