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Review
. 2020 Nov 13;25(22):5307.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25225307.

Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity

Ivan Liakh  1   2 , Tomasz Sledzinski  1 , Lukasz Kaska  3 , Paulina Mozolewska  1 , Adriana Mika  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity

Ivan Liakh et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.

Keywords: biological samples; lipids; liquid–liquid extraction; obesity; protein precipitation; sample preparation; solid-phase extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Lipid alterations in obesity. Lipids in red are elevated in obesity, and lipids in green are reduced. BCAA—branched chain amino acids; BCFA—branched chain fatty acids; DAG—diacylglycerols; FFA—free fatty acids; HDL—high density lipoproteins; LDL—low density lipoproteins; LPP—lipid peroxidation products; MUFA—monounsaturated fatty acids; OCFA—odd chain fatty acids; SFA—saturated fatty acids; PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids; TAG—triacyclglycerols.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Lipid analysis in diagnostic laboratory vs. advanced lipidomic studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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