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. 2020 Nov 9;11(11):1323.
doi: 10.3390/genes11111323.

Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Hessa A Al-Sharif  1   2 , Sherif A El-Kafrawy  2   3 , Jehad M Yousef  4 , Taha A Kumosani  1 , Mohammad A Kamal  5   6 , Norah A Khathlan  2   7 , Reham M Kaki  2   8 , Abeer A Alnajjar  2   7 , Esam I Azhar  2   3
Affiliations

Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Hessa A Al-Sharif et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017. RSV represented 13.4% in the recruited cases with 64% of them belonging to group A and 36% to group B. All group A cases in this study were ON1 type characterized by duplication of 72 nucleotides, 24 amino acids in the C-terminal in the second hypervariable region of the G gene. In addition, for group B all of the cases were clustered under BA9, which had uniquely characterized as duplication of 60 nucleotides in the G protein. Our sequences showed similarity with earlier sequences from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Thailand, South Africa, Spain, the USA and Cyprus. Some amino acid substitutions in the investigated sequences would cause a change in potential O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation profiles from prototype ON1. The predominance of the ON1 and BA9 genotype of RSV-A in Jeddah compared to previous Saudi studies showing predominance of the NA1 genotype for group A. This difference in genotype prevalence could be due to fast spread of the ON1 genotype worldwide or due to the flux of travelers through Jeddah during hajj/umrah compared to Riyadh and Taif. This shift in genotype distribution requires continuous surveillance for genetic characterization of circulating respiratory infections including RSV. These findings may contribute to the understanding of RSV evolution and to the potential development of a vaccine against RSV.

Keywords: RSV-A; RSV-B; Saudi Arabia; phylogenetic analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The age distribution of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) groups in the recruited cases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic analysis of G-gene of RSV group A in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2017). Saudi sequences in this study are labeled with a red square and reference strains are labeled as accession number-country-year of isolation; Saudi reference strains isolated in 2014 are labeled with a blue diamond and those isolated in 2014–2016 are labeled with a blue circle; the Riyadh samples isolated in 2008–2009 are labeled with an inverted triangle and Taif samples are labelled with a blue triangle Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method after being aligned with CLUSTALW using MEGA 7.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic analysis of the G gene of RSV group B in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2017). Saudi sequences in this study are labeled with a red square and reference strains are labeled as accession number-country-year of isolation; Saudi reference strains isolated in 2014 are labeled with a blue diamond and those isolated in 2014–2016 are labeled with a blue circle; the Riyadh samples isolated in 2008–2009 are labeled with an inverted triangle and Taif samples are labelled with a blue triangle. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method after being aligned with CLUSTALW using MEGA 7.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The sequences alignment of deduced amino acid in the second hypervariable region of the G protein of he RSV-A group for the ON1 strain are shown to correspond to the prototype strain of ON1 from Canada (GenBank accession number JN257694). The positions of the amino acids correspond to 213–320 of the G protein. Dots indicate identical residues, and asterisks indicate the position of stop codons. Boxes frame the 24 amino acid duplicated region.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The sequences alignment of deduced amino acid. (A) The deletion part in our samples. (B) The deduced amino acid in the second hypervariable region of the G protein of the RSV-B group for the BA strain shown to correspond to the BA prototype strain from Argentina (GenBank accession number AY333364). The positions of amino acids correspond to 213–320 of the G protein. Dots are indicated for identical residues, and asterisks indicate the position of stop codons. Boxes frame the 20 amino acid duplicated region.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Phylogenetic analysis of full genome RSV group A in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2017). Saudi sequences in this study are labeled with (●) and reference strains are named as accession number-country-year of isolation. A phylogenetic tree was constructed the using neighbor-joining method after being aligned with the CLUSTALW using MEGA 7.
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