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Review
. 2020 Oct 27;12(11):3146.
doi: 10.3390/cancers12113146.

Genetic Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nuclear Architecture: An Overview Comparing Pediatric and Adult Populations

Aline Rangel-Pozzo  1 , Luiza Sisdelli  2 , Maria Isabel V Cordioli  2 , Fernanda Vaisman  3 , Paola Caria  4 , Sabine Mai  1 , Janete M Cerutti  2
Affiliations
Review

Genetic Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nuclear Architecture: An Overview Comparing Pediatric and Adult Populations

Aline Rangel-Pozzo et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population that is highly associated with disease aggressiveness and advanced disease stages when compared to adult population. The biological and molecular features underlying pediatric and adult thyroid cancer pathogenesis could be responsible for differences in the clinical presentation and prognosis. Despite this, the clinical assessment and treatments used in pediatric thyroid cancer are the same as those implemented for adults and specific personalized target treatments are not used in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which represents 80-90% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. PTC has a high rate of gene fusions and mutations, which can influence the histologic subtypes in both children and adults. This review also highlights telomere-related genomic instability and changes in nuclear organization as novel biomarkers for thyroid cancers.

Keywords: AGK-BRAF; BRAFV600E; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; RET/PTC; genomic instability; nuclear architecture; pediatric.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Epidemiologic data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2017) [19] comparing the rates of pediatric and adult papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) according to age, gender, and year. This figure was created using images from Servier Medical Art (http://smart.servier.com). Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Model of chromosome reorganization in PTC. Changes in chromosome territories can reprogram gene expression. Some chromosomes localize toward the nuclear periphery, often touching the nuclear membrane, whereas others are located towards the center of the nucleus. In PTC, changes in chromosome territories can decrease the distance between genes, leading to a high rate of recurrence of specific chromosome rearrangements or inversions in PTC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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