Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805

Review

. 2020 Dec:146:111805.

doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805. Epub 2020 Oct 8.

Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic

Dimitrios Vlachakis¹, Eleni Papakonstantinou², Thanasis Mitsis², Katerina Pierouli², Io Diakou², George Chrousos³, Flora Bacopoulou⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
² Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece.
³ University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens, 11527, Greece.
⁴ University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece. Electronic address: bacopouf@hotmail.com.

PMID: 33038452
PMCID: PMC7543766
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805

Review

Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic

Dimitrios Vlachakis et al. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Dec.

. 2020 Dec:146:111805.

doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805. Epub 2020 Oct 8.

Authors

Dimitrios Vlachakis¹, Eleni Papakonstantinou², Thanasis Mitsis², Katerina Pierouli², Io Diakou², George Chrousos³, Flora Bacopoulou⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
² Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece.
³ University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece; Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens, 11527, Greece.
⁴ University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 8 Levadias Street, Athens, 11527, Greece. Electronic address: bacopouf@hotmail.com.

PMID: 33038452
PMCID: PMC7543766
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805

Abstract

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a severe threat against public health and global economies. COVID-19, the disease caused by this virus, is highly contagious and has led to an ongoing pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 affects, mainly, the respiratory system, with most severe cases primarily showcasing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently, no targeted therapy exists, and since the number of infections and death toll keeps rising, it has become a necessity to study possible therapeutic targets. Antiviral drugs can target various stages of the viral infection, and in the case of SARS-CoV-2, both structural and non-structural proteins have been proposed as potential drug targets. This review focuses on the most researched SARS-CoV-2 proteins, their structure, function, and possible therapeutic approaches.

Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Pandemic; Protein; SARS-CoV-2; Spike.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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References

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[1] Adedeji A.O., Singh K., Calcaterra N.E., DeDiego M.L., Enjuanes L., et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication inhibitor that interferes with the nucleic acid unwinding of the viral helicase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012;56(9):4718–4728. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00957-12. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Adedeji A.O., Singh K., Calcaterra N.E., DeDiego M.L., Enjuanes L., et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication inhibitor that interferes with the nucleic acid unwinding of the viral helicase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012;56(9):4718–4728. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00957-12. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Arndt A.L., Larson B.J., Hogue B.G. A conserved domain in the coronavirus membrane protein tail is important for virus assembly. J. Virol. 2010;84(21):11418–11428. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01131-10. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Arndt A.L., Larson B.J., Hogue B.G. A conserved domain in the coronavirus membrane protein tail is important for virus assembly. J. Virol. 2010;84(21):11418–11428. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01131-10. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Astuti I., Ysrafil Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of viral structure and host response. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):407–412. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.020. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Astuti I., Ysrafil Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of viral structure and host response. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):407–412. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.020. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Báez-Santos Y.M., St John S.E., Mesecar A.D. The SARS-coronavirus papain-like protease: structure, function and inhibition by designed antiviral compounds. Antivir. Res. 2015;115:21–38. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.015. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Báez-Santos Y.M., St John S.E., Mesecar A.D. The SARS-coronavirus papain-like protease: structure, function and inhibition by designed antiviral compounds. Antivir. Res. 2015;115:21–38. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.015. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Balasubramaniam M., Reis R.J.S. Computational target-based drug repurposing of elbasvir, an antiviral drug predicted to bind multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins. ChemRxiv. 2020 doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.12084822.v2. - DOI

[10] Balasubramaniam M., Reis R.J.S. Computational target-based drug repurposing of elbasvir, an antiviral drug predicted to bind multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins. ChemRxiv. 2020 doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.12084822.v2. - DOI

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Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic

Affiliations

Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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