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. 2020 Oct 3;9(10):322.
doi: 10.3390/biology9100322.

Circulating Biomarkers of Accelerated Sarcopenia in Respiratory Diseases

Rizwan Qaisar  1 , Asima Karim  1   2 , Tahir Muhammad  3 , Islam Shah  4
Affiliations

Circulating Biomarkers of Accelerated Sarcopenia in Respiratory Diseases

Rizwan Qaisar et al. Biology (Basel). .

Abstract

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a critical finding in many respiratory diseases. However, a definitive biomarker to assess muscle decline in respiratory diseases is not known. We analyzed the association of plasma levels of glycoprotein Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3), c-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22) and microRNAs miR-21, miR-134a, miR-133 and miR-206 with hand-grip strength (HGS) and appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) in male, 54-73-year-old patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma or pulmonary TB (n = 83-101/group). Patients with respiratory diseases showed a reduction in HGS and gait speed, while a reduction in ASMI was only found in patients with pulmonary TB. Among the sarcopenia indexes, HGS showed the strongest correlation with plasma CAF22, miR-21 and miR-206 levels while ASMI showed the strongest correlation with Dkk-3 and miR-133 in respiratory diseases. We found a modest-to-significant increase in the plasma markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle damage, which had varying degrees of correlations with Dkk-3, CAF22 and selected micro RNAs (miRs) in respiratory diseases. Taken together, our data show that plasma levels of Dkk-3, CAF22 and selected miRs can be useful tools to assess accelerated sarcopenia phenotype in the elderly with respiratory diseases.

Keywords: CAF22; COPD; Dkk-3; asthma; miRs; sarcopenia; tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Plasma expressions of the selected micro RNAs (miRs) and the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the patients with respiratory diseases. (a), Sarcopenia in pulmonary diseases was associated with altered expressions of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-133 and miR-206; (b), elevated levels of the markers of inflammation; (c), relatively unperturbed levels of the markers of oxidative stress. Dotted line represents the normalized expressions in healthy controls. Values are expressed as mean ± SD, * p < 0.05 vs. healthy controls (n = 68–75 per group). Interleukin-10, IL-10; transforming growth factor-beta 1, TGF-b1; c-c motif chemokine receptor 5, CCR5; c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 8, CXCL8; interleukin-6, IL-6; c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 2, CXCL2; adrenomedullin, ADM; superoxide dismutase-1, SOD1; glutathione synthetase, GSS; glutathione peroxidase-1, GPX1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship of plasma biomarkers with hand-grip strength (HGS) in healthy controls and patients with COPD, asthma and pulmonary TB. (a), Sarcopenia in respiratory diseases was associated with altered expressions of circulating Dkk-3, CAF22; (b), miR-21, miR-34a; (c), miR-133 and miR-206. n = 82–101 participants/group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship of plasma biomarkers with appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) in healthy controls and patients with COPD, asthma and pulmonary TB. (a), Sarcopenia in respiratory diseases was associated with altered expressions of circulating Dkk-3, CAF22; (b), miR-21, miR-34a; (c), miR-133 and miR-206. n = 82–101 participants/group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationship of appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) with hand-grip strength (HGS) in healthy controls and patients with COPD, asthma and pulmonary TB (n = 82–101 participants/group).
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