Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

doi:10.3390/nu12102983

Review

. 2020 Sep 29;12(10):2983.

doi: 10.3390/nu12102983.

Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Sara Castro-Barquero^{1

2

3}, Ana María Ruiz-León^{2

3}, Maria Sierra-Pérez¹, Ramon Estruch^{1

2

3}, Rosa Casas^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
³ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 33003472
PMCID: PMC7600579
DOI: 10.3390/nu12102983

Review

Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Sara Castro-Barquero et al. Nutrients. 2020.

. 2020 Sep 29;12(10):2983.

doi: 10.3390/nu12102983.

Authors

Sara Castro-Barquero^{1

2

3}, Ana María Ruiz-León^{2

3}, Maria Sierra-Pérez¹, Ramon Estruch^{1

2

3}, Rosa Casas^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
³ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 33003472
PMCID: PMC7600579
DOI: 10.3390/nu12102983

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modifications, especially dietary habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome, but the most effective dietary pattern for its management has not been established. Specific dietary modifications, such as improving the quality of the foods or changing macronutrient distribution, showed beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome conditions and individual parameters. On comparing low-fat and restricted diets, the scientific evidence supports the use of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention as the new paradigm for metabolic syndrome prevention and treatment. The nutritional distribution and quality of these healthy diets allows health professionals to provide easy-to-follow dietary advice without the need for restricted diets. Nonetheless, energy-restricted dietary patterns and improvements in physical activity are crucial to improve the metabolic disturbances observed in metabolic syndrome patients.

Keywords: DASH diet; Mediterranean diet; dietary pattern; high-protein diet; low-carbohydrate diet; low-fat diet; metabolic syndrome; plant-based diet.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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References

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1. Cano-Ibáñez N., Gea A., Martínez-González M.A., Salas-Salvadó J., Corella D., Zomeño M.D., Romaguera D., Vioque J., Aros F., Wärnberg J., et al. Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-plus study: A cross-sectional analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11:958. doi: 10.3390/nu11050958. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Circulation. 2016;133:187–225. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Circulation. 2016;133:187–225. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Seuring T., Archangelidi O., Suhrcke M. The Economic Costs of Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Systematic Review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33:811–831. doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0268-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Seuring T., Archangelidi O., Suhrcke M. The Economic Costs of Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Systematic Review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33:811–831. doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0268-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Gheorghe A., Griffiths U., Murphy A., Legido-Quigley H., Lamptey P., Perel P. The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:975. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5806-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Gheorghe A., Griffiths U., Murphy A., Legido-Quigley H., Lamptey P., Perel P. The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:975. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5806-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Alberti K.G.M.M., Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z., Cleeman J.I., Donato K.A., Fruchart J.C., Loria C.M., Smith S.C., Jr. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; National heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; World heart federation; International atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640–1645. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Alberti K.G.M.M., Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z., Cleeman J.I., Donato K.A., Fruchart J.C., Loria C.M., Smith S.C., Jr. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; National heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; World heart federation; International atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640–1645. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Cano-Ibáñez N., Gea A., Martínez-González M.A., Salas-Salvadó J., Corella D., Zomeño M.D., Romaguera D., Vioque J., Aros F., Wärnberg J., et al. Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-plus study: A cross-sectional analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11:958. doi: 10.3390/nu11050958. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Cano-Ibáñez N., Gea A., Martínez-González M.A., Salas-Salvadó J., Corella D., Zomeño M.D., Romaguera D., Vioque J., Aros F., Wärnberg J., et al. Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-plus study: A cross-sectional analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11:958. doi: 10.3390/nu11050958. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Affiliations

Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

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Affiliations

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